Night Flying Woman Essay Example

Night Flying Woman Paper Gina Plumer Night Flying Woman Assignment American Indian Social Welfare Perspective The book that I decided to read was Night Flying Woman by Ignatia Broker. The tribal identity in the book was Oibwe from the White Earth Band. Ms. Broker started out the book from the present day in Minneapolis where she grew up. There wasn’t much culture to be seen, and the younger generations were getting too lost in the new world. Ms. Broker made sure to mention that she still taught her children the Ojibwe ways, and told them the stories that her grandmother had once told her. Throughout Ignatia Broker’s introductory chapter, we got a sense of the amount of respect she had for you great-great grandmother Oona, or Night Flying Woman. When Ms. Broker first moved to Minneapolis, she lived in a diverse neighborhood, heavily populated with Latinos. She described being a Native American woman growing up in the urban Minneapolis area. From the time she had first moved there until the present time she was writing about, there had been an increase in the Native population. With the increase in population, she explained how where she lived suddenly was surrounded by factories and freeways. Many of the Ojibwe people in Minneapolis identified themselves as Native American from a certain reservation, not like a clan as they did in her great-great-grandmother’s childhood. Her opening introduction was explaining the differences of the land and customs of the past to the present way. The book then began to tell the personal story of Ignatia Broker’s great-great-grandmother Ni-bo-wi-se-gwe, or Night Flying Woman. Ni-bo-wi-se-gwe was an only child to Me-ow-ga-bo (Outstanding), and Wa-wi-e-cu-mig-go-gwe (Round Earth). Three weeks after birth, in Indian tradition, came the time when naming must be planned. Oona’s parents consulted with Grandfather and Grandmother and decided that A-wa-sa-si would be the namer. A-wa-sa-si chose the name Ni-bo-wi-se-gwe (Night Flying Woman) because Oona was born during the darkness of the day. The tribal identity was Ojibwe, and the village that they lived in was very close-knit. Everyone that lived in the village was good at something and they helped each other out when they needed it. For instance, some were good at ricing, some at hunting, at picking berries, some at sugaring, and some at making necessities. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Flying Woman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Night Flying Woman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Night Flying Woman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was the environment we could only hope for in this day and age. The elders were respected above everyone else, and they were to always speak first. The children were to start learning the traditions from birth so that they would be efficient at an early age. The family structure was very open, and I could easily detect who was in the leadership roles. At birth, Oona’s caregivers were her parents, but she also looked to her grandparents for guidance. When she was given her Indian name, she looked up to her name giver as well. The responsibility of Oona as a child was to learn the traditions and the Ojibwe way of life. She was to help with the ricing, hunting, berries, sugaring, and berries for one day she was going to have to do it all on her own. She was taught that when she entered her grandmother and grandfather’s home, she was not to say a word until she was spoken to. If nothing was said by them, nothing would be said in return by Oona. The roles and responsibilities that everyone in the village was given depended on the strengths that they had as an individual. In the new land, Oona’s people weren’t able to hunt, fish, pick berries, or do any of their customary things freely. They were to build real houses, and wear real clothing like the â€Å"strangers†. Soon afterward, the strangers demanded that the children attend school, which soon turned into boarding school because of the distance it was away from their homes. At the boarding schools, the Native children were forced to speak English and forget their traditional ways. They were beaten if they disobeyed their teachers. This brought the book into how the Native culture is today. There aren’t many fluent Ojibwe people, and children are taught the customary methods of survival they were back before treaties were made. When the European settlers came over and started taking over the land, it served as a turning point of the Ojibwe culture and the way that they practiced their ways. When the Europeans came over, Oona and her relatives were forced to pack up and move their things twice. The land that belonged to them their whole lives were being taken over by settlers that thought they â€Å"found† the land. After they had moved, they were forced to start living the way that the new settlers were. While the children were learning the new ways, the adults were as well. Oona’s father had gone to a lumber camp to work. He went to try and earn enough money to build the kinds of houses that the new settlers had already built for themselves. The Native woman began to learn the household needs, and the English language as well. They made clothes similar to the new settlers, and even friended many of them. The way of life that they were once used to was becoming just a speck in their memories. As the generation passes, Oona always remembered to tell the children of how life used to be, and the traditions that were practiced. She recognized that the children would bring the culture with them in the generations to come, but it would never be as traditional as it once was. Oona’s family coped with the changes by having meetings with the elders, and getting their point of view on the new settlers. There was not much that could be done to save their land and go on living in the manner that they were used to. It seemed as though they all had each other even though their lives were changing drastically. Oona’s grandfather once said â€Å"the forests have never failed us†. I don’t think that they ever did, but the new settlers and their new ways definitely did. It wasn’t a choice for Oona’s family to adhere to the new way of life, but the decision was already made for them by the new settlers. I think that as hard as it sounded, the family coped with the changes very well. In the book, it was before federal and state policy was made. Although, tribal reservations were in the making, and the segments of land that were being saved for the Indian people was laid out. When a white man shows up with a paper that must be obeyed, it was required the people to move to the White Earth reservation. It was government policy at that time, in the 1840s, to move all northern Midwest U. S. Indians there in a kind of concentration camp. They were able to resume their traditional life until the boarding school era began. This was when the United States was becoming more unified, and the land was being distributed among the new settlers and the Ojibwe people. When the reservations were made, this was the only place where the Native Americans could hunt, fish, rice, sugar, plant, and pick berries. They could no longer set up summer and spring villages off the reservation to go about their traditional ways. Ms. Broker made reference to the bad eating habits that many Native Americans have today due to the change in traditional food gathering. If the Native Americans were able to collect food like they did before the new settlers, there wouldn’t be such a high degree of obesity and diabetes on the reservations today. In the book, Oona’s family always found a way to get off their designated land and gather more food, but I’m sure the generations to come found this more difficult. Appropriate skills that a social worker could use to strengthen and support the families would first off to be aware of the history of Native Americans. To be aware of the changes that they had to make to be an existing culture today. A social worker could work with family members one on one, but also in a group setting to see how they react in the different ways. A social worker could become aware of what the hardships this particular family would be facing, and also the historical trauma that they might be going through. Activities that a social worker could have would be sessions on learning more about the historic culture. Many Native American people today aren’t aware of the things that our ancestors had to go through when the new settlers came over. Our ancestors were assimilated into the modern culture, and it would be beneficial for our culture today to know the changes that were made. If there were a high school or middle school social worker helping these families, they could help shape Native American activities after school. Activities like pottery and beading, or even a language extra-curricular. There could be many options available to help Native people become in touch with their culture more. At the end of the book, Ms. Broker made it relevant that the younger generation does thrive to know the culture, and the stories of the past. It was like a revolving door of knowledge in her family in regards to the stories being passed down through the generations. I think that if everyone knew these hardships that the Native American people faced, they would have more respect for the culture, and the people of the culture. It is interesting to see how many people aren’t aware of the changes the Native American people went through in order for the European settlers to settle here and call it their home. The Chippewa or Ojibwe tribe is one of the largest American Indian tribes in North America. Every time a Native person marries out of their culture, the blood quantum of their children goes down, and in turn the amount of Native American people diminishes. I believe that it is the responsibility of our generation to help with the restoration of our Anishinabe culture. With the help of literacy works like Ms. Broker’s Night Flying Woman, we will be able to make the heritage of our culture known and the descendants of the tribes more aware of the unique history our people went through.

Implementation Commentary Essay Example

Implementation Commentary Essay Example Implementation Commentary Essay Implementation Commentary Essay I split the design problem into a number of different sections, which are explained:Analysis of ProblemThe Analysis of Problem is when the problem is recognised.Design of SolutionThe Design of Solution is when everything from the Analysis is taken into account, and an appropriate solution is drawn up.ImplementationThe Implementation is when the Design is transferred into a real thing e.g. the touch screen presentation.TestingThis is where the solution is examined to find any faults or spelling/grammar errors. At this stage, any changes are made to the system.EvaluationThis is where the final system is evaluated, and any things hat would be done differently next time are mentioned but not carried out.There are various different inputs, processes and outputs which I had to control to make my presentation. These are very important to be able to make the foundations to the main presentation:InputsAll the data that was input was:* The NHS logo which I copied from a website.* The map which I copied from MultiMap, which is on the final slide.* The names and positions of all the staff who work there* All the information about the health centre i.e. the policiesProcessing* I had to paste the NHS logo into PhotoFiltre and then crop it, and then re-paste it into the presentation.* Similar to the NHS logo, I had to paste the picture into PhotoFiltre, crop it and then re-paste it into the presentation.* I had to cut the table which I produced in Microsoft Excel, make it the correct size and then place that into the presentation, moving it to the correct position.* I had to change the font and size of the policies writing and then make the background white of the textbox, and move it into the correct position on the page.Accuracy and Spelling / TestingAccuracy and spelling/grammar is very important when doing a professional presentation like this. When data is inputted, its creditability needs to be monitored just to make sure that it is always telling the truth and the righ t thing. Also, if spelling is incorrect, it looks very unprofessional and irresponsible. When data such as Opening Times are inputted, it is essential that they are correct and always up-to-date as customers need to know the vital information. Errors could be made when the data is being typed into the system, or when the original data is being printed/produced. After data has been inputted and checks have been made to ensure it is correct, the presentation needs to be stored safely so that changes are not made accidentally. The system needs to be stored on a password-locked server which can only be accessed by the vital few people who run it. This means that someone inexperienced cannot have access to the system and change it. Proof-reading the document to see if there were any visible mistakes, and the Spelling and Grammar checker on Microsoft checked any spelling mistakes.Storage DevicesA storage device is used to save all work done by a user and to ensure that no information is l ost. There are two main types of storage devices:* Read Only (ROM) is not ever erased from the memory when the power supply is switched off i.e. turning the computer off will mean the document will still be there when it is turned back on again, all the information is permanent. This is sometimes called non-volatile memory.* Random Access Memory (RAM) this is erased when the power supply is switched off i.e. turning the computer off will mean the document will not be there when it is turned back on again. This is sometimes called volatile memory.The main storage devices I would use for my hard disk would be:* Hard Disk This is built into the computer, and things can be saved to it very easily. They are normally quite large in capacity, so many, many text documents can be stored at one time. This works by a magnetic head reading the information off the hard disk as it spins around very quickly* Floppy Disk Floppy Disks are portable storage devices that can hold around 300 pages o f text. But actually they only hold 1.44MB of stuff, so often pictures or word art will not fit onto the floppy.* USB Drive This is a reasonable new method of portable storage, and they normally have a much larger free space than a floppy disk.I created a presentation on Microsoft PowerPoint. I did this by adding a background picture into all the slides. Then I went on to put the rectangular buttons on the right hand side of the slide. The buttons on this list were then hyperlinked to the correct slides, so when that button was pressed, the computer would be directed to that wanted page. I then inserted a text box and wrote in the information; I decided to make the background of the text white to ensure it could be read easily. Headings were then inserted, as were the relevant pictures.My presentation went well, but some changes had to be made on the way. When I first produced it, there was barely any colour on it, and it was not very attractive to look at. Inserting a background p icture into the presentation, which made it look a lot better to look at, rectified this. There was various spelling and grammar mistakes on the presentation, and using the Spell Checker helped this. There was no colour on the heading of the Opening Times table, which meant that users might get confused. I changed this by making the heading of the table yellow. Sometimes incorrect words were used: I described the staff as okay but then changed that to good which improves the reputation of the Health Centre. Some of the important writing did not stand out enough, so I changed the text colour to purple to help this.

FOOD SERVICE RESERCH PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

FOOD SERVICE RESERCH - Research Paper Example This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food safety policies and actions need to cover the entire food chain, from production to consumption. Food service research aims at analysing and evaluating the problem of food safety as related to food service systems and management. In some food service systems there is less control over food safety. The research on food safety helps to identify weaknesses in these systems. Once weaknesses are identified, modifications can be done such as quality control and implementation of â€Å"Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point† program. Vaclavik and Christian have argued that, there are several pathogenic causes of food borne diseases (52). They also reveal that through conducting research, several problems are identified and this helps to reduce food borne maladies that affect the public. Brief summary of the importance of subject and the need for the research a) Describe the gen eral area to be studied Food service research, aims at analysing and evaluating food safety problems in relation with food service systems and management. The study will be conducted on several restaurants and schools food service providers. The aim will be to analyse their service systems and how they manage them to ensure food safety. ... b) Explain why this topic or area is important to dietetics, FSSM, school nutrition, or the school district in general The research on food service will help to identify the kind of diet that consumers are engaged with and the important of food quality control in schools. The research is important in dietetics, FSSM and school nutrition because the data collected would help to reduce food related diseases and improve the health of consumers (John and Dennis 77).It will also help to improve the performance of students in school due to good health. Objective or purpose of the study The study in food services has a number of objectives. The first one is to identify challenges related to food safety in food service systems and how they affect consumer diet. The second one is to identify the measures taken by food service providers to ensure quality control. The last one is to find out what caution consumers take, to ensure provision of quality goods and services from food providers (Burk e and Turner 81). Hypothesis – what you expect to find or what you expect your results to be Lehmann and Ramao have defined a hypothesis as uncertain explanation for an observation, a scientific problem or experiment, or a phenomenon that can be tested by investigation (12). From the interviews being conducted, we expect less people to be negatively affected by the food they take in restaurants or from fast foods. For example, less cases of food poisoning would indicate that, there are better standards of quality food and more efficient food service systems.Most restaurants should have efficient food service systems that offer the best quality services to consumer. The restaurants must

Juvenile Justice - Gang Control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Justice - Gang Control - Assignment Example These mechanisms include the law enforcement and justice system, governmental intervention, collaboration with social institutions as well as employing the assistance of the rich, powerful and the rest of the society in assistance with the social control to end the social conflict (Siegel and Welsh, 2008). This is exactly what the end of youth gang problem in society needs a collaboration of several strategies and mechanisms that are not only based on legal proceedings and law enforcement but which aim to completely transform the lives of these youth gang members and those of their families and they may shun away from the gang life by for example giving them education and skills training so that they can seek honest jobs. 2. Accurately assessing a gang problem is a crucial first step in effective intervention as noted in the training module. Where would you go to get the most accurate information regarding gang membership and activity in your community? How would you deal with the stereotypes that are often portrayed by the media in your assessment? The most accurate data and information about the gangs would be got from the community policing committee as it is this committee that even involves the police and other law enforcement personnel on the gangs in the area. They get their information from parents, guardians, schools and even from their community policing activities in the community. The parents and schools have the mandate to inform the community about their children or students activities or suspicious behaviour. The other source is from the social workers with various social institutions and organizations. The stereotypes by the media on the issue of youth gangs mostly are as a result of wrong information of these gangs from the definition of what youth gangs are to their way of dressing or even social interaction. The first way to deal with such stereotypes is to obtain the correct definition of youth gangs including their areas of meeting and the activities they carry out.  Ã‚  

MDCM (A) write up Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MDCM (A) write up - Case Study Example Each of the company’s subsidiaries operates autonomously and so they compete on their own terms instead of as one company. It therefore means that the price that the company pays for its products is too high when compared to the competition. This is even more so with the large number of suppliers that MDCM deals with as a group. Additionally, MDCM is not obtaining time critical information that will allow it to produce and mange its operations more efficiently. Based on the information given in the case the overall strategic goals of MDCM at this time are to improve its organizational structure, improve its information systems, reduce its operational cost and gain a greater market share. This can only be done through the integration of MDCMs information systems both departmentally, regionally and worldwide. The company has recently done some major re-organizations but the root cause of the problem has not been fixed. The CFO has indicated that margins have been shrinking for eight quarters with too much working capital and an inefficient cost structure (p.1). The structure of MDCMs operation does not augur well for its efficient operations. The company has done some restructuring and has reduced its staff complement but it still needs to do a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of its operations in order to see what additional restructuring is required. The Chief Operating Officer (COO) has indicated that because of the inability to forecast MDCM is spending almost three times as much as the company needs to spend on materials because of having to expedite the process in order to satisfy the needs of customers. Production cannot be scheduled properly because of the rush to satisfy the immediate needs of customers. All of this suggest that the company does not have the information that it needs to plan or is not getting the information early enough in order to carry out its operations efficiently. Indeed the COO has

Gender Based Theories of Crime

Gender Based Theories of Crime Abstract The swift change in power is constant in today’s society. While some researchers do claim that men have a tight grip over the standards of living, women are making a drastic upturn in control and dominance. Since societies have been changing with the understandings of rights and privileges, the conflict of authority arises between genders where one will feed off of the other’s emotions to enable specific behaviors, like criminality and delinquency. By seeing certain issues with society between men and women, one can identify gender as another common source to defining the true criminal deviant. This paper will explain several gender-based theories, the variables influencing the studies, the aspects of these theories, and the policy implications that can assist conflicted individuals. Keyword(s): gender-based theory, men, women, criminality, dominance, feminism Criminological Theory: Chapter Ten Gender-Based Theories Since the dawn of time and development of all forms of recording history, men have been the dominant class in society. With the use of weapons, fighting for honor and glory, and being seen as a peacekeeper for home and country, men are revered as the solid ground at the heart of the nation. However, with the rise of women in the archetypal ladder of power, a conflict with gender control has been constant throughout time. Because of this instability to have a dominant gender, many theorists have tried to rationalize behaviors for both, but the bias between one another has created issues between patriarchal living and feminism. Main Idea of Gender-Based Theories The main idea of the gender-based theories is that society, as a whole, is considered to be patriarchal, or male-based. This establishes that society empowers males in every aspect of social interaction. For many societies like the United States and England, this is proven to be true due to the implementation of human rights by men, the translation of various texts including the Holy Bible by men, and most criminological theories being researched and conducted by men. This allows men to be higher in power over women, and have more to say within society towards contributions and changes with their developmental background. However, feminist perspectives of these theories believe that males do not understand the importance of gender and sex roles in society (Williams McShane, 2014). Complex or Abstract? The perspectives of the gender-based theories would be categorized as complex due to the variety of ideas concerning these theories. For example, the five developments in the perspectives of criminology involve varying viewpoints in radical, liberal, Marxist, socialist, and post-modern feminism. These developments have been applied to criminology to make attempts and summarize existing criminological work into these perspectives (Williams McShane, 2014). However, the main assumption towards a link between liberation and crime has never been fully established and proven. There may be opportunities to liberation from crime, but the offender must be able to work for those goals, and attempt to change themselves as a dual-edged sword: liberating one’s heart to liberate one’s mind and conscience, freeing them from guilt and any form of shame after the crime has already been committed. What Are We Studying? The interdisciplinary natures of this theory involve studies conducted by notable scholars like Freda Alder. Alder believed when woman obtained better positions in society and took on more traditionally â€Å"male† roles, they will experience a shift in behaviors towards masculinity (Williams McShane, 2014). She determined that this would be the result of women committing more traditional male crimes like violent crimes and white collar crimes. Despite her ideas being interesting to common public, research has not found much evidence to support her claim. In 1979, however, researchers Stephen Cernkovich and Peggy Giordano observed delinquent behavior and attitudes supporting women’s liberation and did not find a relationship. Instead, they found juveniles with the most liberated attitudes were less delinquent (Williams McShane, 2014). This would assume that prison systems relying on rehabilitation are proven to work, those offenders who are given a second chance can b e successful in the real world after committing a crime at a young age. Theorists of Gender-Based Theory There are many theorists that contributed to gender-based theories, but one prominent theorist was Freda Alder. After receiving her various degrees, including her Ph.D. in sociology, from the University of Pennsylvania, Alder taught for many years at Rutgers University and helped establish one of the first schools of criminal justice (Williams McShane, 2014). Through all of her prestigious awards and acknowledgements, she helped develop a basis for gender-based theories, but also to the differences between paternalism and feminism within society. Although research has yet to prove her claims, female criminality is a prominent field of criminology advancing in today’s society, where constant change flourishes. Variables of Gender-Based Theory The dependent variable in this instance, or theory, is the person being studied. The independent variable, however, would be heading towards differences in gender. For example, when a woman strives for equal treatment in all aspects of life, this would lead towards the radical feminist perspective of the theory. The woman needs to decide to act properly with the new, equal status in life, and as a result, can continue to gain momentum in life. On the other hand, she can decide to deviate from what is right and normal, becoming greedy and resulting in criminal behavior. Qualitative Versus Quantitative Based on the information provided from the text and the research gathered, this theory would be considered qualitative. There are many perspectives studied within the gender-based theories. Studied conducted by Klein in 1973 show that females’ behavior were explained by simple concept and motives. However, there is no substantial evidence proving that females are less complex than males in committing crimes. Several theorists have maintained that females are basically non-criminal, but gender is one of the least researched areas of criminology (Williams McShane, 2014). This is proven to be a qualitative characteristic of all research as no statistics are shown and the observation is shown through data collection and analysis. Gender-Based Theory: The Good and the Bad When reflecting on the gender-based theories, one positive to society is making people aware, or sensitizing them, to criminological behaviors from a man’s perspective. This is generally admissible to prove how a criminal thinks, and it can also gather data on the person most associated with being an offender. However, when using only a man’s point of view, the determination of criminological behaviors is strictly biased away from women, where criminal behaviors are increasing every year. In essence, taking account of the feminist perspective and analyzing criminal behaviors is important as woman are committing more crimes where police work expands to all forms of law enforcement, and where the criminal is more diverse to the community instead of being towards one stereotype. Macro-Theory Versus Micro-Theory This theory is to be viewed as a micro-theory. A variety of theorists have conducted studies in this perspective of gender. There are many aspects of gender theory, but it is unrealistic to place it in the accurate classifications as other theories discussed earlier. Gender theories may be considered structural because they try to explain the differences in the rates of male and female crime. What can be established is the relationship between gender and crime, but also how gender-based theories are conflict-oriented, where the problems exist within the individual to determine the crime (Williams McShane, 2014). A majority of these theorists, however, have tried to explain crime from a deterministic point of view. This would maintain that predestination exists within the individual, and there is no free will to make that person decide towards or away from criminal behavior (Williams McShane, 2014). This conflict-oriented bias within gender-based theories gives men and women the ass umption that resistance from criminal behavior is futile, but also that they have no true correlation with positivist theories mentioned in earlier chapters. Personal Reflection In my opinion, there are some good and bad points to the concepts or philosophies of the feminist movements. It is a good thing that the feminist movement has made some leaps and bounds over the past several years. Increases have been made in employment and wages, which narrow the gap in the differences of men and women while occupations are the same standard for their field of work. However, where do we, as a diverse and adapting society, draw the line? For example, in today’s society, we have many people – men and women – giving their lives to fight for their country whereas most women during World War II were at home or in the textile factory working like the men to support the war and promote positive morale for the soldiers fighting overseas. Men and women are innately different in physical capabilities as well as behavioral mindset. Men are typically seen as stronger, more composed soldiers for the country’s army, but not all men are aggressive or co urageous to step onto the battlefield. Women, at the same time, are given the opportunity to be treated equally in every aspect of life. I do not think it is realistic because society, as a whole, was raised with the chivalrous brutality enforced by their fathers while women were taught to be delicate and needed to be treated accordingly. If a man was unable to give respect for the woman, then shame would be brought upon that man until he does so with kindness and respect. Policy Implications The general consensus is the reforming of society to abolish patriarchal domination could result in improved conditions for all, including women, and that crime would lessen as a result to changes in authority in society. Feminists would be able to provide many provisions and access to opportunities like education and employment, and other countermeasures would be created as a result. This would include modifications to economic structures by strengthening and enforcing child support measures, teen pregnancy intervention methods, child care socialization, amending marriage laws, and emphasizing the importance of gender relations (Williams McShane, 2014). One progressive method to enforcing change within genders is the use of alternate homes and residential treatment centers. Studies have suggested that young women express relief at being removed from abusive homes, but many people resort to â€Å"out-of-home† placement for girls than boys (Williams McShane, 2014). With the works of the Alternative House, a program stationed in Virginia, their goal is to â€Å"keep young people safe [while] providing them with the opportunity to grow and achieve their full potential† (Alternative House, 2014). This would include methods of education and employment until adulthood occurs, and the factors of a better childhood are presented to them in various ways like therapy and crisis intervention hotlines. Like other countermeasures to fighting delinquency, the Alternative House approaches youths who are most likely to deviate into criminal behavior in order to deter them from that lifestyle. Another resourceful method to deterring delinquency for genders is the use of local intervention methods for helping pregnant teens. From a local perspective, the one common outreach program is the Florence Crittenton program, where provision are given to young, at-risk pregnant women in hopes to â€Å"help them become self-sufficient and responsible mothers† (Florence Crittenton Programs of South Carolina [FCPSC], 2014). This proves to be reaching out to one method of community-oriented outreach, but also as a way to provide assistance to at-risk women within a society dominated by patriarchal control. By providing assistance like medical care and pre-natal care for the woman and the child, a family can be started, and the outlook for that family is ten times greater than before. References Alternative House. (2014). Alternative House Mission Vision. Retrieved from  http://www.thealternativehouse.org/ Florence Crittenton Programs of South Carolina. (2014). â€Å"Our Mission-Help for Pregnant  Teens.† Retrieved from http://florencecrittentonsc.org/about-uspregnant-teens/our-mission/ Williams III, F.P. McShane, M.D. (2014). Criminological Theory (6th Ed.).  Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

The Biography of Absalom Jones and Richard Allen Essay -- Race in Amer

The union and biography of Absalom Jones and Richard Allen is a unique tale. Nonetheless, when we think of major influences in black history theirs is not amongst the names that readily come to mind. When discussing great advocates for equality and rights for the African Americans, names such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and other prominent advocates widely televised are thought about. But seldom, if ever, are we are we told the tale of two seemingly distant African-American men, who unite for a similar cause and later leave one of the most important impacts made in the city of Philadelphia. Although Jones and Allen were not popular as other well-known leaders, their background story is much more distinctive. Both born into slavery in Delaware, living just a few hours away from each other, they both eventually earned their suffrage and began their own lives. But as providence would have it their individuality was much more entwined than they knew. Absalom Jones a nd Richard Allen were great men who were able to transform their lives from bondage to founders of great establishments and principal figures amongst Philadelphia’s African- American community. Absalom Jones was born into slavery in Delaware, Sussex County on November 1746. Jones and his family served Benjamin Wynkoop who was a well known merchant. Due to his illiteracy, Jones sought to teach himself how to read and write by spending his allowances on spelling books and reading materials. Well into his childhood Jones was separated from his mother and six other siblings, but Wynkoop chose to keep Jones. This serves as an opportunity for Jones to begin earning wages and was given permission to attend a school set up for African-Americans. Into 17... ...ractices in Pennsylvania.† CommonwealthofPennsylvania, February 21, 2012, http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/community/18326/religion/673925 â€Å"Richard Allen.† Christianitytoday , August 8, 2008, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/denominationalfounders/richardallen.html â€Å"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People... â€Å" PBSOnline, February 21, 2012 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h456.html Dean Kevin, â€Å"Saints of the Week.† EpicospalCathedral.org, last modified February 20, 2012, http://www.episcopalcathedral.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=73 Scott Miltenberger, â€Å"Absalom Jones.† OxfordUniversityPress, February 21, 2012 www2.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0004/e0320 â€Å"Mother Bethel AME Church.† IndependenceHallAssociation, February 21, 2012, www.ushistory.org/tour/mother-bethel.htm

Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet Essay

Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course. Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words. In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following: Why is the skill, concept, procedure, or tool necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth? What successes are enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool? What risks or failures are associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool? Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your instructor. Worksheet Submitted By: Term Definition Scenario Capital expenditure budget A budget that can cover one year or multiple years and has a more futuristic view. If the economy is expected to go into a recession that may last several years a company may need a capital expenditure budget. One that may show a plan for the financial survival over the next few years. Things like plans to spend less on expensive or unnecessary supplies or switch to more generic brands are good examples of what could be taken into consideration when making a capital expenditure budget. Direct cost Cost that is directly related to the production of goods or services. Costs related to Materials used for production or labor costs are examples of direct costs because they are directly related to producing goods or services. Flexible budget Budget that is made by using budgeted revenue and cost amounts and can be adjusted according to expected outputs. If a business has had busy Summers in the past and may have another busy Summer they may want to plan for a higher workload and more staff. This requires them to have a flexible budget so they can adjust the budget according to the rising activity level or volume of business. Operating budget Budget that deals with short term revenues and expenses that are needed to keep an organization operating. When a business needs supplies to be able to provide services and needs to pay staff to provide services as well the money that is being spent on the wages of the staff and the supplies is part of the operating budget because those things are needed to operate the business. Responsibility center Center that is responsible for managing costs or costs and revenues. Cost centers are responsibility centers that are responsible for costs and profit centers are responsibility centers that are responsible for managing revenues and costs. Being responsible makes them â€Å"Responsibility† centers.

Salem Witch Trial

Salem Witch Trial Seventeenth century Salem, Massachusetts saw the popularization of witch trials where three hundred forty four (344) people were accused of being witches (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). The accusation which became known as witchcraft hysteria in history stunned the whole town. It was first initiated by three (3) young girls who were relatives of the town reverend, Reverend Samuel Parris (Brett, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reverend’s daughter Elizabeth together with two (2) other girls played a game where they asked Tibuba, the Caribe Indian slave, to tell them their fortunes. What started out as something for fun became horrifying as the girls started to act unusual, throwing bizarre fits and â€Å"distempers† (Brett, 2009). Although no one really knew the real cause of these fits and bizarre behaviors, it was clear that the victims were sufferi ng from physical and mental difficulties. The victims experienced physical and mental pains such as vomiting and temporary blindness and hallucination. The girls would scream from the pain they are undergoing. They would hallucinate of seeing the Devil. They would claim that the Devil was telling them to sign his book and join him to be his loyal followers. These strange behaviors made the townspeople of Salem panic. One local physician, William Griggs, was unable to determine the cause of the girls’ sickness. He suggested to Reverend Parris that the source of these victims’ uncanny conditions might be the result of witchcraft (Brett, 2009). Though such claim had no concrete basis, the townspeople truly believed that the town of Salem was indeed haunted by witches. The people also believed that it was their God given right to eliminate such supernatural beings for the betterment of mankind. The girls were brought into intense questioning which resulted to the naming of three (3) women as witches. The identified accused were Sarah Good, an elder beggar, Sarah Osborne, a woman known for having an adulterous affair and the slave Tituba. The last woman accused admitted that she was a witch when she was interrogated and pointed out others as being witches. This begun the witch hunt of 1692 (Brett, 2009). As the three (3) women were arrested the girls still sustained their peculiar behaviors and continued to accuse other people. The prison cells of Salem overflew with accused witches. Eighty percent (80%) of them were found guilty based on heresy. No clear evidences were presented. Analyzing the cases of Anne Hutchinson (DuBois Dumenil, 2012), Bridget Bishop (Ray, 2003), and Lady Phips (Brett, 2009), I can therefore conclude that the accusers, which are mostly powerful men running the society, are pushing the blame onto supernatural beliefs for the turmoil the town of Salem was experiencing. In the year 1692 Salem had been experiencing bad weather whi ch reduced harvests, an epidemic of small pox had swept the town where many were affected of the sickness and the Indians renewed their attacks on the frontier settlements (Brett, 2009). There was also an internal conflict as Salem was divided into two (2) groups, Salem Town and Salem Village.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Salem Town was a popular place for trade where merchants and businessmen dwell while Salem Village was a place for farmers to plant their crops. For many years Salem Village wanted to be a separate township. Salem Village even had their own separate ministry (Brett, 2009). It was later found out that most of the accused, namely Hutchinson, Bishop and Phips were members of the anti-Parris faction. They belonged to a group where they did not approved of the separation of Salem Village from Salem Town. It all seemed like a dramatic plot for Parris and his cla n to blame the political and social conditions of Salem on witchcraft. As time passed by, women were becoming more empowered. Notice that most accused were women who were unpopular in society. They are those who have very strong personalities and who have tendencies to go against the male dominated society of Salem. Women were becoming more assertive in the seventeenth century thus it seems to me that one of the solutions of the Parris movement was to punish those who are threats so they can still continue the male dominated society (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Anne Hutchinson was accused of being a witch because she acted a male role of being a religious teacher and ministering to men and women in her home (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Bridget Bishop was married three (3) times thus she was accused of being a witch by using her sexual prowess to seduce men although at the time of her trial she was about sixty (60) years old (Ray, 2003). Lastly Lady Phips, the wife of politician William Phip s was also accused of being a witch. My suspect is her husband was disliked by the Parris faction thus she was named a witch. After thorough research, I think that both the accused and accusers were all influenced by hearsay. The logical judgments of the accusers were clouded by their fear of political and social change thus resulting to them pushing the blame on witchcraft which cannot explain logical facts. The accusers took advantage of the ignorance of the people to make them believe that it was indeed supernatural causes which made the town of Salem suffer. They used their positions in society to influence the public in punishing those who are delinquent in society. It is sad for the accused because they suffer the injustice brought upon them by false accusations and hearsays with no concrete proof. The accused were brought to court for trial and questioning but before they could defend themselves the judges and jurors already found them guilty. They were just attacked on the s tand. The people in the court room would just find faults on the accused to further prove they were guilty. It seemed a hopeless case for the accused because no one seemed to believe them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Salem Witch Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The â€Å"victims† acted out in pain when the accused would refer to them. The people witnessing court trials would sympathize with the victims even if there were no logical reasons or evidences supporting the claims of the latter. In the case of Bridget Bishop, when she was questioned during her trial at first she opted to go for denial but when all her claims were ignored and the judge continued to attack her stance she grew weary and angry. Her behavior was seen as a sign of guilt thus she was proclaimed guilty and was executed (Ray, 2003). People’s social behaviors were the basis of determining whether or not they practiced witchcr aft. Women were primary victims because in seventeenth century society, they are only seen as someone who tends the household and children. If they would practice roles of men they were seen as socially unacceptable. This was the case for Anne Hutchinson who assumed the role of a man as a religious teacher (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Hutchinson’s actions alone displayed unacceptable social behavior in a male dominated society. She became a threat because she was seen as someone who had a voice thus power. Her innocence became difficult to prove when most of her jurors were conservative men who believed that women should only bear and rear children and take care of the household. Hutchinson was also giving religious advice to men and women thus she was a threat because she knew how to lead and she had followers to back her up. Though the accusers cannot prove her guilt through these given facts they resulted to witchcraft, claiming that Hutchinson was possessed by the Devil thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s why she held weekly meetings in discussing religion (DuBois Dumenil, 2012). Social behaviors were important in seventeenth century Salem especially during the witch hunt hysteria. Anyone can be suspected of being a witch if they act socially unacceptable. For the protection of the people it would always be best to act according to what society dictates but by doing so the political and social leaders controlled the people. The leaders would always have the power to dictate the people. If they do not wish to follow they would be accused and oppressed. In this scenario the people will never have the freedom of speech and expression. Sarah Osborne (Brett, 2009) and Bridget Bishop (Ray, 2003) were both accused of being witches because of their inappropriate social behaviors. They were both considered adulterous women by the Bible. Osborne was known to have an adulterous affair and Bishop was married three (3) times. In order to punish them for their personal affairs they were both accused of being witches and thus executed. Salem as a town is popular for being a place of witches in myths and novels. Before researching and studying the topic, I was familiar with Salem as a place where witches dwell but after doing my homework I found out that the whole event was a big injustice to the poor and helpless who were merely expressing themselves.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The witch hysteria was all brought out by greedy political leaders who wanted to place blame on the innocent for the problematic conditions of the town. It was not surprising that the officials would push the blame on the helpless but what was surprising was how the people got carried away and lost their logical sense of judgments to the idea of witchcraft. Reference List Brett, L. (2009). Salem Witch Trials. Master File Premier, 1 – 2. Web. DuBois, E. Dumenil, L. (2012). Through Women’s Eyes: An American History with Documents. Los Angeles, California: Bedford/ St. Martin’s. Ray, B. (2003). Salem Witch Trials. OAH Magazine of History, 32-36.

buy custom MTV Networks Case essay

buy custom MTV Networks Case essay 1. What strategy did MTV pursue when it initially started to expand internationally? What assumptions were managers at MTV making about foreign markets at the time? MTV had started to expand internationally back in 1987. During its initial expansion to international market, its strategy was to pursue European market by piping single feeds across Europe (Rugman, 2001). The feeds solely consisted of American programming with English-speaking hosts. At the time, managers at MTV assumed that their strategy would make European viewers flock the channel. Unfortunately, their strategy was not successful (Hill Jones, 2009). The failure was attributed to the fact that European viewers shared similar interest with the American viewers; they had a taste in local programming. As such, the Eropean viewers wanted music from specific scenes from specific countries. 2. Why strategy does MTV pursue today? What are the benefits of this strategy? What are the costs? Since 1995, MTV has changed its strategy of expanding into international markets. The channel has opted to target local programming ensuring that it meets specific needs of viewers at local level. For instance, in order to make the localization successful, the company provides regional feeds (Douglas Craig, 2005). Europe is broken into twenty five feeds and Asia into ten feeds that target specific local taste of the viewers. This strategy has benefited the company in various ways. For example, evolution of digital and satellite has rendered local programming easy and cheap (Hill, 2006). MTV is now able to bbeam several feeds of a single satellite transponder. Moreover, the strategy has ensured that the network captures its viewers back from local imitators. This has made MTV increase its ratings enabling it to capture significant advertising revenues from other multinational like Coca-Cola. 3. What must MTV do, in terms of its management and organization, to implement its current strategy? In order fro MTV to implement its current strategy on diverse brand base, it must conduct a survey that would ensure that the company understands specific needs of all of its brands, divisions, and businesses (Barnard, 2007). It must invest in processes that works in every business functions while at same time allows for flexibility based on strategy, structure and available resources. Buy custom MTV Networks Case essay

Pollution Due to Vehicular Emissions Case Study

Pollution Due to Vehicular Emissions - Case Study Example It changed from a colonial headquarters to a national capital. It was suddenly the most important and active center for governance, commerce, industry, culture and education. The consequent rise in population and economic activity resulted in the city's unprecedented growth. With civic amenities not being able to keep pace with the city's expansion in terms of population, vehicles, loss of green cover and so on, pollution rose and touched alarming levels. The state government along with non-government organizations and concerned citizens including school children has been aware for some time now about the urgency of keeping pollution under control. Some measures have been taken though the battle against pollution is still far from won. This paper examines the problem of pollution caused by vehicular emissions in the Indian Capital of New Delhi. The steps taken to control it, subsequent results and future intentions are discussed briefly. According to the White Paper on Pollution in Delhi, 1997, 67% of the total air pollution can be attributed to vehicular emissions. The phenomenal increase in number of vehicles in Delhi can be best appreciated when one is confronted with actual numbers. According to the same paper it is learnt that number of vehicles in Delhi rose from two hundred and thirty five thousand in 1975 to two million six hundred and twenty nine thousand in 1996! While in 1975 the number of vehicles in Delhi and Mumbai were about the same, by 1997, Delhi had three times the number of vehicles in Mumbai. Understanding the urgency of the situation the Ministry of Environment and Forests after much deliberation with concerned government agencies, NGOs, experts and citizens, produced a comprehensive Action Plan that prescribed a number of measures to combat Delhi's rapidly increasing pollution. It was quite clear that if the air in Delhi was to be cleared, vehicular emissions had to be addressed first of all in any strategy to control air pollution in the city. Earlier in 1995 the Centre for Science and Environment had succeeded in creating awareness among the people of the dangers of air pollution in Delhi. The CSE campaign called for a shift from use of diesel as fuel for vehicles in Indian cities towards Compressed Natural Gas. Eventually, in December 2002 the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) program was implemented. All public transport vehicles had to run on CNG only. Air quality in Delhi improved perceptibly yet there was still much scope for improvement. Five years later, by November 2007, an alarm went up again with annual average levels of reparable suspended particulate matter showing an upward swing the previous year. It was believed that the gains from the CNG program had been lost with all first generation options having been exhausted. Sunita Narain, Director CSE said strict measures needed to be taken with a second generation of reforms that would address new challenges. The rate at which the city was adding new personal vehicles each day to its roads doubled that of the pre-CNG days. However, the gravity of the situation was not lost on at least some members of the government and the Chief Minister of Delhi, Ms Sheila

About the book The New Jim Crow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

About the book The New Jim Crow - Essay Example This new approach towards racial control is more dangerous as it does not rely on obvious racism, but rather resorts to a very tacit and sophisticated sort of racism. To many readers the theory enumerated by Michelle Alexander regarding the new approach towards racial control may seem more of a rhetorical propaganda, but if one considers the available facts and data, the point made by Alexander comes out to be valid and true. The assertions made by writer Michelle Alexander regarding the dynamics of race in the contemporary American society are indeed valid and do deserve a serious consideration. The apparent racism of the past has reinvented itself to appear as being more unbiased, while it systematically goes on to target the racial minorities. The claim made by Alexander that a professedly color neutral justice system is more poised to target the African Americans and the colored people, does seem valid in the light of the research conducted by varied other experts. As per Walker, Spohn and DeLone, the law enforcement and justice system in the US is more biased towards the African Americans and other racial minorities (493). Even a cursory historical perusal of the race related issues in any print publication does testify to the fact that though the criminal justice system in the US may not exactly come out as being hostile towards the racial minorities, yet, it is a fact that in some stages, the criminal justice system happens to be biased towards the racial minorities. For instance many aspects of the criminal justice system like the selection of the jury do come out as being balanced and color neutral, there are varied other stages of the criminal justice system like seeking a harsher penalty or sentence, which are mor e biased towards the African Americans and the other colored people in the US. Hence, the claim extended by Alexander that the criminal justice