How Does Motivation Affect Performance?

How Does Motivation Affect Performance? This writing study triesâ to look at how work inspiration influences the activity execution inside an association. Work inspiration can be partitioned in two sorts of inspiration called characteristic and extraneous inspiration. Inborn inspiration is inspiration that originates from an individual inside and outward inspiration is inspiration on physically objectives. There are a great deal of perspectives which can impact/make the work inspiration inside an association. Out this examination there can be said that interests, delight, compensation and force can impact the work inspiration of representatives. At the point when supervisors need to quantify the inspiration, they can utilize self-reports after some time. After a period the supervisors can contrast the two focuses and one another. Occupation execution can simply like work inspiration separated in task and logical execution. The presentation can just be estimated after some time. After a particular period they can check whether the exhibition of a worker is expanded or diminished. There are discovered a few factors that impact the activity execution. The most significant factors are appreciate, premiums, cash and force. Each of the four of these factors impact the activity execution however every one of the four in another manner. In this investigation there are a few perspectives which could have impact on the connection between work inspiration and employment execution. Leading all there can be said that the connection between work inspiration and employment execution is certain. There are two blends which are intriguing. To start with, the connection between characteristic inspiration and undertaking execution is intriguing. At the point when workers are naturally roused the undertaking execution of representatives will increment. Second, the connection between outward rewards and execution is intriguing. At the point when workers get an outward prize like cash mineral advancement, their exhibition will likewise increment. Decisively, there can be said that inspiration positively affects the activity execution of workers inside an association. Both characteristic as extraneous inspiration impact the activity execution. Chiefs can utilize this data inside an association to inspire the representatives. This will inevitably builds the activity execution of those representatives Introduction Section 1: Introduction This theory will dissect how work inspiration can influence the work execution of representatives in an association. There are a lot of viewpoints that adds to the achievement of an association. For an association it is significant that individuals are propelled. In the event that the representatives of an association are roused their inclinations, disposition and execution will improve during work hours (Locke 2004). Moreover the presentation is additionally an angle that adds to the accomplishment of an association. The primary objective of an association is to make benefit. An association can possibly cause benefit if the workers of that particular association to can accomplish their objectives (Beal 2005). This proposal will dissect how managers can impact the activity execution of their representatives and if this will impact the achievement of an association. As said over, this postulation will concentrate on the association between work inspiration and employment execution and how they impact the accomplishment of an association. A lot of analysts utilize two unique sorts of inspiration. Scientists concur that there is an inherent inspiration and outward inspiration by representatives. Inborn inspiration implies acting from inside and this is innately associated with appreciate and intrigue (Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. 2000b). Outward inspiration is acting in explicit manner that lead to an important included worth (Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. 2000b). This is the reason this theory will take a gander at the various sorts of inspiration (particularly natural and extraneous inspiration). On the off chance that the two sorts of inspiration and employment execution are examined the connection between work inspiration and occupation execution can be found. Is there a positive or negative connection between work execution and employment inspiration? How accomplishes work inspiration impacts the activity execution? Those inquiries will be replied during this proposition. Issue explanation How accomplishes work inspiration influence the activity execution of representatives in an association? Exploration Questions What are the hypothetical methodologies of work inspiration? Which alternate points of view of occupation execution are created by specialists? How accomplish work inspiration and occupation execution impact one another? Philosophy As indicated by Sekaran and Bougie (2009) there are various approaches to gather information. The kind of examination that will be utilized for this proposal is a spellbinding exploration. This proposal is a writing study which implies that auxiliary sources will be investigated. Examination of various factors will be the reason for extra observational exploration. Ongoing experimental exploration will be utilized to investigate the subjects of this postulation. By utilizing logically papers the information can be found. The ideas of this examination are work inspiration, work execution and the connection between work inspiration and employment execution. Structure The primary objective of this paper is to examine how work inspiration influences the activity execution of representatives inside an association. This paper is partitioned in three sections. In the primary part answers will be found about work inspiration. What is work inspiration and how does inspiration impacts representatives? The primary subject of the subsequent part will be work execution. For instance questions in regards to work execution are, what is work execution, what impacts work execution inside an association? The third and last part will bring work inspiration and occupation execution together. In this part work inspiration and employment execution will be joined. The fundamental inquiry of this part will be: Does work inspiration impact work execution and what will be the advantages inside an association? Section 2: Work inspiration Every association has representatives who work for that association. At the point when workers are inspired, they are pleasant and they are increasingly keen on their employments (Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. 2000b). A lot of analysts concur in the idea work inspiration. This section will give an examination of the two kinds of work inspiration. The initial segment of this part work inspiration will be talked about. The second piece of this section inherent and outward inspiration will be clarified and the last piece of this part gives the impact of those sorts of inspiration. A lot of scientists explored the idea work inspiration. As indicated by Pinder (1998) work inspiration is a lot of lively powers that create both inside just as outside a people being, to start business related conduct and to decide its bearing, force, and length. Ambrose Kulik (1999) contends that work inspiration is undetectable, inside and speculative. A supplement of the analysts above Pinder (1998) contends that vigorous powers impact the work inspiration of representatives. Atkinson (1964) concurs with Pinder (1998). Atkinson (1964) contends that work inspiration has a great deal to do with the mental procedure of representatives. Seen these analysts there can be said that work inspiration has to do with the mental procedure. The mental procedure of workers is undetectable and inward. Characteristic inspiration and extraneous inspiration As said above, work inspiration is a mental procedure which is undetectable and inside, however there is additionally division of inspiration called inborn and extraneous inspiration (Porter and Lawler 1968). This investigation was created in 1968 yet at the same time these two kinds of inspiration are utilized in the writing (Steel 2008). In the past passage the two sorts of inspiration are referenced. Scientists (Porter and Lawler 1968, Steel 2008) have discovered two unique kinds of work inspiration. The accompanying sections will examine inborn and extraneous inspiration. Inborn inspiration The most recent decades a lot of analysts examined the ideas natural and extraneous inspiration. As per Calder and Staw (1975) inspiration is characteristic if a movement is embraced for somebody who needs quick fulfillment. Van Yperen and Hagendoorn (2003) contend that inspiration is inherent when individuals play out a movement for itself which bring them fulfillment. Van Yperen and Hagendoorn (2003) concur with Calder and Staw (1975) yet they add that fulfillment is inborn to appreciate. Steele (2008) contends that natural inspiration could remember association for personal conduct standards, points of view, activity and action or response for its own significance. The past passage portrays that natural inspiration builds the fulfillment and delight in workers. Deci (1971) contends that there are two different ways to quantify inborn inspiration. The primary path is to quantify the free decision. A model for the free decision is: would what you like to do and dont look to another person. The second method of estimating characteristic inspiration is simply the utilization reports of intrigue and satisfactions in a particular movement. A model for oneself report technique is a poll under representatives. Along these lines of estimating characteristic inspiration is regularly utilized for test considers (Ryan, 1982). Loewenstein (1999) concurs with Deci (1971). Loewenstein (1999) additionally discovered two different ways of estimating natural inspiration. Loewenstein (1999) utilizes nearly similar levels simply like Deci (1971) does: Through a people self-report of how intriguing and charming the assignment is. Through the social proportions of decision of, and measure of time drew in with, the assignment during a free-decision period where there are no extraneous prizes or motivating forces related with picking or taking part in the undertaking. The two estimation techniques for Loewenstein (1999) and Deci (1971) have a positive match. The two of them have discovered two different ways to gauge inborn inspiration. During this section the specialists referenced two vary

Thoughts and Experiences of a Travelling Tourist Essay

Contemplations and Experiences of a Traveling Tourist - Essay Example At the point when we talk about the â€Å"Arabian Gulf† for instance, Qatar, Kuwait, and Dubai, they nearly share a similar culture, religion, and language. Individuals can discover the neighborliness in those nations that they never observed it since it is a piece of their way of life. Bedouin Gulf nations consistently pull in individuals who scan for summer exercises like experience, chasing, jumping, extravagant lodgings, conventional food, thus numerous different things. Moreover, turrets consistently alter their perspective on those nations on the off chance that they have misconstrued about Arab, Islam, or the Middle East when all is said in done. Center East nations have been referred to the world as perilous nations as a result of the media and news, which have one-sided sees. Be that as it may, we some of the time need to see thing intently (Harrison 34). Then again, nations consistently share something together, which makes one state: it is actually a little world. For instance, when I went to Egypt I found that they share dialects with different nations, with some of communicating in Arabic, English, or even French. Egypt was extremely unexpected nation in comparison to all nations I’ve visited previously, be that as it may. The individuals there are consistently upbeat and need to have a ton of fun and commend more often than not. They are happy to help other people, particularly travelers. We ought not additionally overlook the significant things that make Egypt an appealing goal in Africa, which is Phrenic old, Nile River, historical centers, and the various urban communities like, Sharm Alshiekh, which is an amazing little city on the sea shore, situated on the fringe of Israel. I additionally traveled to Paris, showing up at Beauvais Airport outside the city. Fortunately, the air terminal offered transport administrations to take explorers to the downtown area, which leave at regular intervals after the flight. I utilized the metro to drive around the city since it was less expensive, albeit once in a while I wanted to utilize the bounce on or jump off vacationer transports in the city.â

Wal-Mart Capital Structure and Financial Analysis Essay

Wal-Mart Capital Structure and Financial Analysis - Essay Example All out Assets (Fixed + Current) = $27,638_ x 100 $120,223 = 22.9% Obligation to Equity Ratio The obligation to value proportion quantifies the connection between an organization's obligation capital and value capital. It shows the level of an organization's value that has been financed by outside obligations. The obligation to-value proportion for Wal-Mart has been determined as: Obligation to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt Capital x 100 All out Equity Capital = $27,638 x 100 $49,396 = 55.95% Computation OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL In the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) includes the computation of independent things in the capital utilized and afterward weighting the expense of every component by its extent of the all out capital utilized. There are following elements in the Wal-Mart's all out capital: Value (Common Stock) Obligation (Long-term Debts) $ % Of Total 4,311 Common Stock of $0.10 (standard) 423m 1.75% Long haul Debt 23,669m 98.24% All out Capital Employed 24,092m 100% Cost of Equity The expense of value evaluates the expense of normal and favored stock. Be that as it may, for Wal-Mart, this count wo exclude inclination stock in light of the fact that the organization has not given any inclination shares. The investigation of Wal-Mart's yearly report uncovers that the organization is hoping to deliver $0.150 profit per offer to its regular investors. For profit development, we accept it to be 10% yearly. The expense of basic offer capital has been evaluated with the assistance of following equation: Cost of Common Share Capital = (Next yearly profit/current market cost) + yearly profit development = ($0.150 per share/$50.49 per share) + 10% = 10.29% per annum. Cost of Debt The figuring of cost of obligation will include all the enthusiasm bearing long haul obligations of the organization. As per the Wal-Mart's...There are following components in the Wal-Mart's complete capital: The expense of value gauges the expense of normal and favored stock. In any case, for Wal-Mart, this estimation wo exclude inclination stock on the grounds that the organization has not given any inclination shares. The investigation of Wal-Mart's yearly report uncovers that the organization is hoping to deliver $0.150 profit per offer to its regular investors. For profit development, we expect it to be 10% every year. The expense of basic offer capital has been assessed with the assistance of following recipe: The estimation of cost of obligation will envelop all the enthusiasm bearing long haul obligations of the organization. As indicated by the Wal-Mart's yearly report, the organization's weighted normal viable loan fee on long haul obligation is 4.08% in 2005. The expense rate pertinent to the organization for the year is 34.7%. The expense of long haul obligation has been assessed as: As investigated from the organization's budget reports and the estimation of budgetary proportions, the capital structure of Wal-Mart has gotten apparent. Wal-Mart has organized its capital subsidizing in a manner its outside obligations or borrowings don't surpass its complete value to a more prominent degree.

Essay Writing Introduction Examples

Essay Writing Introduction ExamplesThere are hundreds of types of essay writing introduction samples to choose from. You will need to find one that you feel comfortable with, and one that you are proud of. The introduction must be a part of the essay, which is written in order to showcase your qualities and abilities. They can help you find the right opening sentence for your essay, or you may want to know how to introduce yourself or your family.It is not necessary to start your essay with a story or anecdote. There are many ways to open a paragraph, and a great way to go about it is by beginning a paragraph in the present tense. This will give you the power to transition between the two paragraphs. Try using the past tense for the first sentence and then the present tense for the last sentence. Or, if you are beginning your essay by describing a circumstance, then this will work for you as well.Many of the examples are quite short, so you will not have much room to get creative wit h your opening sentence, but you can be creative and try to come up with example sentences to follow up the subject of your essay. If you are too worried about getting it all right, then just begin your introduction using an example sentence or two.There are several examples which you will find in the sample essays on the Internet. Do not be intimidated by these, as most of them can be easily adapted into an introduction. Be sure to check with the writer if you do not understand something, or if there is anything unusual about the example sentences. There are a lot of tutorials online, and a great many of them have guides you can follow to get you started writing your own essays.One great way to work out how to get started is to use these essay writing introduction samples to compare them to your own experiences. It will help you find the different writing styles you can adopt. Sometimes the writers who used this type of introduction sample have been able to make the difference betw een a good and a bad essay by taking the time to write and re-write their own introduction. This is not always the case, but it will give you an idea of how to go about it.There are no rules about the best way to begin your essay, or even the best way to end your essay, as each writer is unique. If you are unsure about what the best way to go about it is, then you may want to have a look at some of the essay writing introduction samples on the Internet. These can help you get started, or they can get you looking at ways to improve the introduction you have already written.Whatever method you decide to use to write your essay, the introduction is a vital part of your essay. You cannot go wrong, as long as you start it well. There are many, many samples online that can show you the best way to begin or finish your essay.

A Review of Shirley Jacksons Short Story The Lottery

Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery offers a disturbing vision of small-town life, mob mentality, and social conformity. The author uses a number of literary techniques to capture the mood, tone, and theme of The Lottery. One of those techniques is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing in The Lottery helps build the suspense that makes the story so effective. The meaning of the titular lottery is not fully revealed until the end of the story. Jackson compels the reader to discover why the children are carrying stones in their pocket, and what is inside the little black box. Some of the foreshadowing is tongue-in-cheek: such as by deliberately setting the story on a cheerful, sunny day. A careful study of foreshadowing in The Lottery helps Jackson to execute the main themes of the story: the lottery represents the ominous nature of social control, mob mentality, and conformity. Foreshadowing establishes the primary tone of the short story, which is ominous. The story opens on a bright, sunny day. By setting the story during fresh warmth of a full-summer day, Jackson is able to juxtapose the evil that is to come. It is as if the sunlight is casting a figurative shadow on the rest of the day. Then, the narrator states that of course, the children assembled first. Why should the children assemble first, of course, and what is the reader supposed to know? By including the phrase of course in the first line of the second paragraph, Jackson accomplishes the goal ofShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Essay617 Words   |  3 Pages Over the years many critics have wrote articles on Shirley Jacksons numerous works. Many critics had much to say about Jacksons most famous short story, quot;The Lotteryquot;. Her insights and observations about man and society are disturbing; and in the case of quot;The Lottery,quot; they are shocking. quot;The themes themselves are not new, e vil cloaked in seeming good, prejudice and hypocrisy, loneliness and frustration, psychological studies of minds that have slipped the bonds of realityquot;Read MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson. 1. Focus/Thesis For Your885 Words   |  4 Pages THE LOTTERY by Shirley Jackson 1. Focus/thesis for your essay on the story you are researching The traditions and the rituals of the lottery authored by Shirley Jackson seems to be just as old as the town itself, more so since most residents don’t actually recall any of the old rituals, ven the Old Man Warner, who celebrates his 77th lottery. This implies that they are archaic in some ways and they are rooted in the traditions and superstitions that seem to include the crops and the human sacrificeRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreResearch Paper on Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†1141 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story about the annual gathering of the villagers to conduct an ancient ritual. The ritual ends in the stoning of one of the residents of this small village. This murder functions under the guise of a sacrament that, at one time, served the purpose of ensuring a bountiful harvest. This original meaning, however, is lost over the years and generations of villagers. The loss of meaning has changed the nature and overall purpose of the lottery. This ritualRead MoreEssay about The Life and Literary Works of Shirley Jackson4264 Words   |  18 PagesShirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1919 to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. Her surroundings were comfortable and friendly. Two years after Shirley was born, her family with her newborn brother moved from San Francisco to Burlingame, California, about thirty miles away. According to her mother, Shirley began to compose verse almost as soon as she could write it (Friedman, 18). As a child, Shirley was interested in sports and literature. In 1930, a year before she attended Burlingame High SchoolRead MoreThe Lot tery By Shirley Jackson811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson488 Words   |  2 PagesSymbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Thesis: The short story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson found in Perrines Literature written by Thomas R. Arp is a story full of symbolism. I. Names are used to represent different aspects of the story. a. Mr. Summers is a bright and cheerful man. His attitude, demeanor, and name represent the summer. Mr.Graves name represents what is about to happen. They are sending someone to their grave. These names are obvious as to what they mean. b. MrsRead MoreHuman Corruption Of Human Nature1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Corruption in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a classic short story in U.S literature. Written in 1948, the short story has been published in multiple languages around the world. It is still a required reading in U.S today. The story was later adapted into both a TV short and a play (â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Bio†). Jackson uses irony and symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to show the corruption of human nature. The story opens up on a clear June day. It continues to describe an ominousRead MoreExpect the Unexpected1898 Words   |  8 PagesExpect the Unexpected What thoughts come to mind when you think of â€Å"The Lottery?† Positive thoughts including money, a new home, excitement, and happiness are all associated with the lottery in most cases. However, this is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery†. Here, the characters in the story are not gambling for money, instead they are gambling for their life. A shock that surprises the reader as she unveils this horrifying tradition in the village on this beautifulRead MoreAbstract the Lottery by Shirley Jackson2321 Words   |  10 Pages2012 Abstract for â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Although Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† is widely read, it has received little critical review in the decades since it was published. This analysis of the text illuminates Jackson’s intertwining of the story’s theme, point of view and language. One finds that each of these three an integral part depends on the other. One must examine Jackson’s linguistic techniques in order to understand how the point

What Is Domestic Abuse Essay - 1988 Words

What is Domestic Abuse? The Center for Disease Control defines domestic abuse as, â€Å"Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, preventable public health problem that affects millions of Americans.† (CDC, 2016) An â€Å"Intimate partner† describes any person with whom one has had a relationship characterized by identification as a couple, familiarity, regular contact, emotional closeness, physical and/or sexual contact. However, the relationship need not meet all parameters, including current and former partners, heterosexual and same-sex couples. The term â€Å"intimate partner violence† describes physical and/or sexual violence, stalking, and psychological abuse and/or coercive aggression occurring on a continuum, ranging from mild episodes severe as a homicide. (CDC, 2016) It has no regard for age, race, religion, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status. The devastating consequences across generations and may be lifelong. It is indicative of a much larger, systematic pattern of dominance and control. (NCADV, 2015) Domestic abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. It is estimated that 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have been physically abused by an intimate partner, 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men have been severely physically abused, which averages approximately 20 people abused every minute. Additionally, 1 in 7 women and 1 in 18 men have been stalked. This equates to more than 10 million abuse victims annually. The economic consequences of abuse exceed $8.3Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : Will It Ever End?1620 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence: Will it ever end? Jeanette M Mullen Columbia College HUMS 105 Abstract This paper is about Domestic Violence and how it affects the people that are victims of this abuse. You will read examples of domestic violence and see how the world has viewed this crime from the beginning of time to the present. Domestic violence doesn’t only affect women, there are also crimes of domestic violence reported of men being victims of this crime, but it is more prevalent in women beingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Domestic Violence1595 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify different types of domestic violence that exist within the American society as well as within other cultures. Domestic violence is defined as abuse that is caused by aggressive behaviors, generally towards a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship. There are different forms of domestic violence that occur to people on a daily basis, and this violence exist mostly amongst women, but does not exclude the fact that there are men that fall victim to domestic violence as well. ThroughoutRead MoreDom estic Violence And Its Effects On People1708 Words   |  7 Pages What is domestic violence? 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ThisRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On The Society Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is not is not just physical abuse, but is any behavior that is intended to control another person through the use of verbal assaults (*cite*) A huge social issue throughout the world today. Domestic violence is not only limited to spousal abuse but also includes sibling abuse, elder abuse and child abuse. Domestic violence may also be known as family violence, wife or child beating and domestic abuse. (cite) Domestic Violence s a very important social issue throughoutRead MoreVulnerable Populations: Victims of Violence1288 Words   |  6 PagesInstructor: Tami Frye September 26, 2011 Each domestic abuse relationship is unique, and has a pattern that holds certain signs, clues, and characteristics that could have helped decide if one were in an unhealthy or abusive relationship. There are significant indicators that are common to all virtual cases of domestic abuse, mainly because people have heard much about domestic abuse, but did not think it applied to their situation. What is domestic abuse, how is it defined for someone to recognizeRead MoreGibson 1. Josie Gibson . Mrs. Archila . Eng 102. 24 March1276 Words   |  6 PagesGibson 1 Josie Gibson Mrs. Archila ENG 102 24 March 2017 Synthesis Domestic violence is an ongoing epidemic affecting people around the world. Over the years, the problem of domestic violence has raised an abundance of questions: how serious is the issue, and what actions could be implemented to prevent it? In the article â€Å"Domestic Violence Has Been a Problem Throughout U.S. History†, it explains how the issue of domestic violence has been going on for decades; however, did not get address until

Blog - Blurb - Critical Review

Questions: 1. Write a blog post about a topic Plastic Surgery. 2. Write the blurb for the cover of New Treehouses of the world by Pete Nelson. 3. Write a critical review of on the TV series orange is the new Black (season 2). Answers: 1. Blog Title: Plastic Surgery: Plastic surgery is a particular type of surgery that can be concerned by both persons manifestation and capability to purpose. Plastic surgery strives to get better, patients manifestation and personality from beginning to end of reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Reconstructive means defects in face or body part, which include bodily origin like cleft lips and palate etc, distressing injuries from dog bites, fire burn. On the other hand cosmetic proceeding means change the part of that body which person dont like which include reshape the nose, extra fat surgery. Part of the Face treatment by inject able, as skin become more inclined to wrinkles and floppy. In facial fillers is also known as dermal fillers and inject able, they are used to fat skinny lips, make softer facial crease and also it is a kind of injection which keep face area surgery long lasting to temporary. Many kind of facial filler are existing in US and each and every part are intended for numerous reason like lip expansion, wrinkle etc. Minimally invasive cosmetic surgery is a kind of surgery which is done with the help of a performancerange and particularlyplanned surgical device. In this kind of surgery they result in a smaller amount of caution, a smaller amount scar and an earlier revival for the patient as well as condensed health care expenses. In the cosmetic surgery, the minimally invasive takings use of newer equipment such as laser, to carry out actions that once required wide surgery and healing time. Now a days cosmetic surgeons and plastic surgeons have a range of apparatus and procedure that make facelifts and eye lifts more easy to get to and reasonable. Many Hollywood stars had done this kind of surgery to look good, and its the essentials truth that as point in time make human change. On the other hand some of the Hollywood stars are there who change themselves unexpectedly and its clear that they went to get into under table. After doing the surgeries they feel so shy to say that they did the plastic surgeries, they say that it is because of makeup etc but real truth is that the plastic surgeries that make their lip thin, faces slighter etc. there are some examples which gaze before and after looks of the stars. In year 2002 and 2008 Anna Faris did her lip surgery. 3. Blurb: New Treehouses of the world by Pete Nelson A particular story is all about the people of tree house builders who have grown-up considerably in numerous ways. Basically they are attractively leader (THAKUR, 2013). Tree houses have been building more or less in the world, and they are mostly from Asia to North America and numerous areas areconnecting. In millennium period of time the major challenge are world shifting and sustainable existing things. Tree house represent the concept of encouraging control, environmental awareness and helpfulness and they come only when all are in danger. At some time they all cant think on regarding these kinds of environmental things. New Tree houses of the world is an extension part of Tree houses of the World(Nelson, 2009). Journal style travelogue Pete Nelson is the known as the world best tree house stylish and designer. Pete Nelson decided that in Spain he will build a tree house from his individual venture(Grnnow, 2010). This book says that Pete Nelson started his trip from Spain to Sea ttle were he establish a point of tree house. From the introduction part of tree house this book shift to the theme of conversation, state-of-the-art tree-connection technology which gave a short conversation about how to construct a tree house(Jones, 2009). 3. Critical review on the TV series orange is the new Black (season 2) Many people are there who already watch half of this series Orange is the new black(Verboord, 2009). In this series there is a part in season one were kohan is a character name and she is more confident about storytelling because she laid the basics of the varied typescript. In season 2 kohan gave more intensity in worldwide appraisal, and it is one of the most exciting, amazing drama which had been yet finished. This season is full of comedy and based on drama. It deals with the re establishment of guard and inmate. In this Kohan is a unforgettable character with a good-looking quality and slight examination of society, here the character is more classified and the work done by Taylor Schilling in the first season(Transnationalism and American serial fiction, 2012). In this series producer took an original move toward by focus on the range of the character. Writer used flashback for understand the qualityimproved for each individual. Realistic picture is produce by the writer for th e great location and for the editing part. The most impressive part about this series is the character is stereotypes. Now this series is so beautiful because here every individual character express them. Every moment of connection in the world is slightly better. One of the major parts of the TV series is not too justify the right and wrong set of behavior of characters. The TV series very much connect to the adult audience rather than family audience because of too much of violence and shadycharacter present within the series. The TV series does not signify wrong or right character rather that it gives every one point of view. Orange is new Back is very much different from the general TV shows which family drama or the comedy show. Every character and roles played by the actor are very much are judgmental and bring various shades of the other character. The story line does not have any kind of bureaucracy and every character played by the actors isemotionallyattaching with the TV series. However, the story line is very much engaging and sketchy characters are very much loved by the audience. Reference: Grnnow, M. (2010).Travelogue. Berlin: Revolver Publ. by VVV. Jones, M. (2009). Enabling Environments: Treehouse - Branch out.Nursery World, 2009(10). Nelson, P. (2009).New treehouses of the world. New York: Abrams. THAKUR, V. (2013). Spot fixing: an ugly side of modern cricket.PE, II(I), pp.1-3. Transnationalism and American serial fiction.(2012).Choice Reviews Online, 49(10), pp.49-5539-49-5539. Verboord, M. (2009). The Legitimacy of Book Critics in the Age of the Internet and Omnivorousness: Expert Critics, Internet Critics and Peer Critics in Flanders and the Netherlands.European Sociological Review, 26(6), pp.623-637.

Speech to Entertain free essay sample

You can tell a lighthearted, personal story that reveals a life lesson youve learned or examine a familiar subject from a different and unexpected viewpoint or take a lighthearted look at a particular issue. Example: Summer jobs: Summer Jobs for high scholars: The daily diary of the American Nightmare. Additional suggestions for the composition and delivery of after dinner speeches are as follows: 1. Carefully select an interesting, timely, and appropriate topic. Having something familiar in the talk that the audience can relate to will enhance listener interest. 2. Build your speech around a central theme, moral, or idea. 3. Support your main point or central theme tit colorful stories, narrative and examples. 4. Be Imaginative and creative when delivering your talk. Few speeches demand more Imagination and creativity than the speech to entertain. 5. Be positive and good-natured when delivering your talk-? Irony and sarcasm are acceptable but not bitterness. 6. Be optimistic and modest when speaking and create an appropriate mood for your listeners. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech to Entertain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7. Humor is a key ingredient in speeches to entertain, but can take many different forms.It can be accomplished through satire, irony, banter, sarcasm, and wit. A speech does not eve to have the audience rolling on the floor laughing in order to evoke humor or entertainment. Some of the recognized elements of humor are: ; Exaggeration: the process of taking an idea or statement beyond the limits of reality. ; Incongruity: the process of provoking an unexpected response from ones speech material. ; Anticlimax: arranges a series of items In a growing order of significance only to end suddenly in the absurd. Puns: Involve the humorous use of a word that can be Interpreted multiple ways. ; Play on words: deals with the Imaginative and creative use of language designed to produce a humorous response. Sample Speech to Entertain Mark Twain My heart goes out in sympathy to anyone who is making his first appearance before an audience of human beings. By a direct process of memory I go back forty years, less one month-?for Im older than I look. I recall the occasion of my first appearance. San Francisco knew me then only as a reporter, and I was to make my bow to San Francisco as a lecturer.I knew that nothing short of compulsion would get me to the theater. So I bound myself by a hard-and-fast contract so that I could not escape. I got to the theater forty-five minutes before the hour set for the lecture. My knees were shaking so that I didnt know whether I could stand up. If there is an awful, horrible malady In the world, it Is stage fright-?and seasickness. They are a pair. I had stage fright then for the first and last time. I was only seasick once, too. I was on a little ship on which there were two hundred other passengers. I-?was-?sick.I was so sick that there wasnt any left for those other two hundred passengers. It eek holes they have in theater curtains and looked into the big auditorium. That was dark and empty, too. By and by it lighted up, and the audience began to arrive. I had a number of friends of mine, stalwart men, to sprinkle themselves throughout the audience armed with clubs. Every time I said anything they could possibly guess I intended to be funny, they were to pound those clubs on the floor. Then there was a kind lady in a box up there, also a good friend of mine, the wife of the governor.They sat silent and wed. I had touched them. Then I happened to glance up at the box where the governors wife was-?you know what happened. Well, after the first agonizing five minutes, my stage fright left me, never to return. I know if I was going to be hanged I could get up and make a good showing, and I intend to. But I shall never forget my feelings Just before the agony left me, and I got up here to thank you for helping my daughter, by your kindness, to live through her first appearance. And I want to thank you for your appreciation of her singing, which is, by the way, hereditary.

Simple Cueillir Verb Conjugations in French

Simple Cueillir Verb Conjugations in French There are many useful verbs in the French language. Among those is  cueillir, which means to gather or to pick. Its an irregular verb and you will have to commit the verb conjugations to memory rather than rely on a pattern. A quick lesson will show you how to conjugate  cueillir  and  use its present and past participle. Conjugating the French Verb  Cueillir Verb conjugations allow us to change the verb to match the tense or mood of a sentence. In English, we use -ed and -ing endings to do this, though its more complicated in French. That is because we need to change the verb for every tense and mood as well as each subject pronoun within those. Cueillir  is an  irregular verb  and it does not follow one of the common verb conjugation patterns. This makes learning it more of a challenge. However, you can apply what you learn here to similar verbs such as  accueillir (to welcome)  and  recueillir (to collect). Consider practicing this small group together to make learning each a little easier. For the simplest conjugates of  cueillir, begin by identifying the verb stem of  cueill-. Then, match the subject pronoun to the present, future, or imperfect past tense to learn the correct verb ending. For instance, I gather is je cueille and we will gather is nous cueillerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je cueille cueillerai cueillais tu cueilles cueilleras cueillais il cueille cueillera cueillait nous cueillons cueillerons cueillions vous cueillez cueillerez cueilliez ils cueillent cueilleront cueillaient The Present Participle of  Cueillir The  present participle  of cueillir  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. This gives us  cueillant.  Its a verb, of course, though its also used as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  past participle  of  cueillir  is  cueilli. This is used to form the common past tense known as the  passà © composà ©. To use it, begin with the subject pronoun, then conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  before attaching the past participle. For instance, I gathered is jai cueilli and we picked up is nous avons cueilli. More Simple  Cueillir  Conjugations There are more conjugations of  cueillir  that you should know, but here were focused on the most basic. At first, concentrate on the simple forms above, then you can add the following verb forms to your vocabulary. You will find the subjunctive and conditional verb moods useful when the action of gathering is somehow questionable. These two are quite useful in conversation. In contrast, the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are primarily literary forms. While you may not use them yourself, being able to at least recognize them is a good idea. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je cueille cueillerais cueillis cueillisse tu cueilles cueillerais cueillis cueillisses il cueille cueillerait cueillit cueillà ®t nous cueillions cueillerions cueillà ®mes cueillissions vous cueilliez cueilleriez cueillà ®tes cueillissiez ils cueillent cueilleraient cueillirent cueillissent The imperative verb form is used for direct and often assertive commands and requests. When using it, skip the subject pronoun: use cueille rather than tu cueille. Imperative (tu) cueille (nous) cueillons (vous) cueillez

Organisations & Behaviour Learning Organisations Essay

Organisations & Behaviour Learning Organisations - Essay Example A learning organisation intentionally designs the structures and strategies in order to enhance and maximise the learning of its employees. (Dodgson, 1993) With the changing environment of business and advancing technology the notion of the Learning organisations has gained much more importance. Learning has become an important characteristic of an organisation in order to compete in the global business. Learning is a volatile and dynamic concept through which the process of updating in an organisation takes place. With the growing size of the corporations and continuous innovations in the field of technology the individual learning has transformed to the notion of the organisational learning. The notion of learning plays an important part in the progress of an individual just like that the learning on the organisational level plays an important part in the growth of an organisation. The organisational group of people can define the organisational learning as the sum of the learning activities of the individual, which takes the shape of combined effort. (Dodgson, 1993; Fiol & Lyles, 1985). An organisational learning program should be designed in the way that it is not lost when the members of the organisation leave the organisation. ... ive environment of the business in today's high pace changing business environment enhancing the learning capabilities of business is the solution of half of the problems. (Prahalad & Hamel, 1994). Equally important is the creation of an unlearning organisation which essentially means that the organisation must forget some of its past. Thus, learning occurs amidst such conflicting factors (Dodgson, 1993). Most of the leading companies of the world like Shell were among the first to embrace the notion of learning. In Shell Arie de Geus described learning as the only strategy to compete effectively. Hence learning organisation can be defined as "The essence of organisational learning is the organisation's ability to use the amazing mental capacity of all its members to create the kind of processes that will improve its own" (Dixon, 1994) "A Learning Company is an organisation that facilitates the learning of all its members and continually transforms itself" (Pedler, Burgoyne & Boydell, 1991) "Organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to learn together" (Peter Senge, 1990) The following are the important characteristics of the learning organisations: Learning organisations adopts the external environments. They are flexible and continue the process of change. Depicts the combination of individual and collective learning. Keeps on learning with the outcomes. Learning can be done in two ways. 1) Single loop 2) Double loop In single loop learning people learn in a way prescribed to them by the organisation. In double loop learning people, people not only learn in a

Wellness, Fitness and Longevity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wellness, Fitness and Longevity - Essay Example Physical activity varies from formal exercise, as it is basic human movement for example climbing the stairs. Its benefits are far-reaching and more so for people who do not undertake planned exercises, or those that would like to start doing planned exercises. These benefits include weight control, minimizing risk of cardio-vascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some cancers, strengthening one’s muscles and bones and improving one’s mental health and mood (â€Å"Physical Activity and Health†, 2011). To achieve these benefits fully, one is encouraged to graduate their physical activities to a moderate level where a common chore such as washing a car should be done continuously for 40 minutes before taking a break; and they should be carried out more frequently. Therefore, this means a moderate activity is aimed at reaching a targeted heart rate first and then resting (Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure). The federal strategies of physical activity in adults, as stipulated in the 2008 Americans Physical Activity procedure should include aerobics and muscle-strengthening activities. All of which should take 150 minutes per week, spread out between the two groups where aerobic activities would include brisk walking and muscle-strengthening includes weight-lifting and should be done less often. The aerobic activities vary as either moderate or vigorous where the more vigorous an activity, for instance jogging, less time should be taken to avoid injury. On the other hand, muscle-strengthening activities should involve each main muscle groups; on average, the latter group of activities should be carried out on at least two days each week. However, as one goes along and adapts to a routine of these activities, the time may be increased in order to attain even greater health benefits (â€Å"Activity for Adults†, 2008). In children, the guidelines state that they should undertake at least 60 minutes every day of aerobic activity such as running. For the

Perfect competition Essay Example for Free

Perfect competition Essay Monopoly and monopolistic competitions, basic concepts monopoly means a market situation in which there is only a single seller and large no. of buyers. whereas monopolistic competition is a market situation in which there is large no. of sellers and large no. of buyers. in monopolistic competition, close substitutes are there in the sense that products are different in terms of size, colour,packaging,brand,price etc. as in case of soap,toothpaste etc. but in monopoly, there is no close substitute of the good,if any, it will be a remote substitute like in India, Indian railways has its monopoly but its remote substitutes are present like bus and air service. in monopolistic competition, there is aggressive advertising but in monopoly, there is no advertising at all or a very little. in monopolistic competition,demand curve faced by the firm is more elastic because of availability of close substitutes. it means if a firm raises its price, it will loose its large market share as customers in large will shift to close substitutes present in the market. but in monopoly, the demand curve faced by the firm is less elastic because of no close substitutes. if means if the firm raises its price, demand will not fall in a large quantity as it is only one in the market. u have to understand that the four different kinds, perfect, monopolistic, oligopoly, monopoly are on a spectrum with perfect and monopoly on the extremes, monopolistic is very similar to perfect, and monopoly is different that its a hard market to enter, because theres very few firms and require a big budget to get started. look up the graphs for these competitions and you should have a better understanding MONOPOLY IN TELECOMMUNICATION . Competition in Telecommunications Services Experience has demonstrated that free and open competition benefits individual consumers and societies as a whole by ensuring lower prices, new and better products and services, and expanded consumer choice. The benefits of competition are readily seen in todays telecommunications sector. Dynamic technological change is resulting in new services and systems that provide innovative solutions to communications needs across the globe. As a result, telecommunications is becoming increasingly important to the efficiency and effectiveness of private and public sector institutions. In this environment of rapid change, a competitive marketplace will tap the potential of the telecommunications sector to serve the economic and social well-being of all citizens. BENEFITS OF COMPETITION Free and open competition benefits individual consumers and the global community by ensuring lower prices, new and better products and services, and greater consumer choice than occurs under monopoly conditions. In an open market, producers compete to win customers by lowering prices, developing new services that best meet the needs of customers. A competitive market promotes innovation by rewarding producers that invent, develop, and introduce new and innovative products and production processes. By doing so, the wealth of the society as a whole is increased. In a competitive environment, businesses that fail to understand and react to consumer needs face the loss of customers and declining profits. A policy framework to establish, foster, and regulate competition is critical to the delivery of benefits expected and demanded by consumers. In other words, competition rewards entrepreneurship, responsiveness, and enthusiasm; it punishes sluggishness and indifference. Because of the increasing importance of the telecommunications sector to the overall economy, countries can ill afford the sluggishness and indifference that so often characterize the provision of products and services under monopoly conditions. As developments in technology continue to produce efficient and exciting communications services, societies may be significantly disadvantaged if they forego the rewards of entrepreneurship and responsiveness associated with open, competitive telecommunications markets. POLICY GOALS TO ACHIEVE COMPETITIVE MARKETS In order to achieve the benefits of competition described above, governments and regulators must establish an appropriate policy framework to govern the telecommunications sector. First, governments should remove legal barriers that protect existing monopoly providers from competition by new entrants. Second, policymakers should take affirmative steps to promote competition in sectors of the market that were previously closed to competition. Examples of these steps include adopting policies that encourage multiple methods and modes of market entry. Third, policymakers should consider introducing competitive safeguards to protect against the exercise of market power by incumbent carriers during the transition to competition. The most fundamental of these competitive safeguards involves regulation of the terms and conditions governing interconnection with the existing monopoly providers network. In the United States, although important steps were made to promote competition in the telecommunications sector prior to passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the law firmly established the intent to provide for a pro-competitive, deregulatory national policy framework designed to accelerate private sector deployment of advanced telecommunications and information technologies and services to all Americans by opening all telecommunications markets to competition. EFFECTS OF COMPETITION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR. The benefits of introducing competition in telecommunications markets are apparent in all segments of the telecommunications market. For instance, competition in the United States and many other countries in long distance and international telecommunications services has led to a dramatic decline in consumer rates for these services, as well as a dramatic increase in demand and a substantial increase in investment. International telecommunications services can be particularly important to the development of a stable and robust economy linked to the global marketplace. The 1997 WTO Agreement on Basic Telecommunications Services ushered in a new era for telecommunications competition in many countries of the world. As part of that agreement, 72 countries have made commitments to open their telecommunications markets to foreign suppliers of basic telecommunications services. As these countries implement their commitments, dramatic change has occurred in their telecommunications markets. In many countries, there are several new providers of international and domestic telecommunications services, and prices are dramatically lower. As a result, increased competition has led to lower international settlement rates in many countries which, in turn, has led to lower calling prices for consumers. Lower calling prices means that people can afford to make more calls, more often, creating closer ties between family and friends in different countries and strengthening business relationships. Thus, introducing competition in international telecommunications markets produces benefits throughout a countrys economy. In addition, as part of the WTO Agreement, 49 countries made commitments to open their satellite service markets. These commitments have helped increase the ability of global and regional satellite providers to obtain the requisite authorizations for their systems. Similarly, in many countries private investment and competition in the provision of terrestrial wireless telecommunications infrastructure has led to declining prices for, and widespread use of, wireless telephone service. In areas where teledensity can increase, moreover, price reductions may expand the number of households that can afford service. This increased demand may make build-out decisions more attractive. For example, in Chile, lower prices increased traffic by 260% from 1994 to 1997. In 1987, there were 6. 7 phones per 100 households in Chile; this number rose to 11 in 1992 and to 15. 2 in 1996. As lower prices stimulate greater demand, an overall increase in revenues results despite additional providers in the market. In the U. S. long distance market, lower prices, in combination with an expanding market for services, have offset revenue loss from price reductions and the decrease in market share. For example, while ATTs long distance market share fell from 90% in 1984 to 45% in 1997, its revenues increased from $35 billion to $40 billion during this same period. Thus, although ATT lost market share, its revenues increased in a competitive marketplace. The benefits from introducing competition in international and domestic telecommunications markets can be fully realized, however, only when market participants have the incentive to compete vigorously to attract the greatest amount of business. It has been the U. S.experience that these incentives exist only where there is open entry into the telecommunications services market. Where entry is limited, or where only one or two new entrants are allowed to compete against the incumbent carrier, the benefits of competition are limited as well. For instance, when cellular telephone service was first introduced into the United States in the 1980s there were only two licensees in each market. As a result, prices remained relatively high and demand was more limited. After additional licenses were authorized in each market, priced dropped, new services were introduced and demand exploded. BUILDING A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR AS A PART OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Developing countries face many infrastructure challenges. While roads, water, and electricity are obvious fundamental requirements, development of a strong communications and information system is vital for the country to survive and prosper. As global developments increasingly push competition and its benefits, developing countries can realize these benefits in part through encouraging the establishment of an indigenous telecommunications sector. And one highly effective way to achieve this is to promote and nurture the growth of small and entrepreneurial entities within that sector. The United States experience provides some insight. Historically, most of the cutting- edge commercial and technology breakthroughs in the United States have been developed by individual entrepreneurs or small businesses, from Alexander Graham Bell to Bill Gates. Additionally, Americas 22 million small businesses produce more than half of the nations gross domestic product, and businesses employing fewer than twenty people have created all 99. 99 percent of the nations new jobs in recent years. Such a phenomenal success story is due not only to the free enterprise system and profit motive, but also to a carefully developed government policy of supporting and nurturing small businesses. The U. S. has implemented numerous federal programs to assist small businesses in harnessing the engines of economic growth and innovation loan guarantee programs, technical assistance programs, investment programs, anti- discrimination regulatory programs, outreach efforts, information and training programs. Congress. established the Telecommunications Development Fund, some $25 million, to invest in promising new telecommunications businesses. Obviously the environment and situation of most developing countries is quite different from that in the United States, and overcoming an embedded monopoly telecom provider is something weve never had to do. Still, some basic steps privatizing, establishing an independent regulator, developing helpful tax and labor laws, a willingness to waive regulatory and filing requirements to the extent possible can produce great benefits. A developing country could make it a condition for foreign carriers and operators serving seeking to provide service to (or within) its territory to undertake efforts to promote or support indigenous and start-up businesses. Supporting the growth of small and entrepreneurial telecom businesses by various means can lead to permanent economic gains for developing nations economies, and to full participation in the global telecom marketplace. METHODS OF INTRODUCING COMPETITION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR Restricting methods and modes of entry can cause investment distortions and result in higher prices to consumers. It is by allowing the marketplace to select preferred approaches that policymakers encourage efficient entry. Three methods are typically used to introduce competition into the telecommunications sector: * Facilities-based competition * Unbundling of network elements * Resale In addition, a technologically neutral policy fosters innovative systems and alternative facilities designed to meet the needs of the marketplace. For example, the construction of a wireless network may be more appropriate in some markets than the development of a competing wireline carrier. Facilities-Based Competition. When a new entrant constructs a network using its own facilities to reach its customers (i. e. , without using the incumbent carriers network), that type of entry is commonly referred to as full facilities-based competition. By developing a new network, a facilities-based competitor is not constrained by existing, possibly obsolete embedded plant and instead can install the newest, most efficient technology. As a result, the competitor will be able to supply new or additional services such as faster transmission and switching speeds or higher bandwidth capacity, and may be able to do so at lower costs than the incumbent. Facilities-based competitors not only directly benefit their customers but also create competitive pressure for the incumbent to upgrade its network. In addition, facilities-based entry allows the marketplace to drive competition with less regulatory presence. As discussed more fully below, full facilities-based entrants still require interconnection for the mutual exchange of traffic with other providers. New entrants customers need to be able to communicate with subscribers on other networks, especially the incumbents network where the majority of users obtain their service. Without the ability to interconnect on fair terms, a new facilities-based competitor cannot survive. Use of Unbundled Network Elements While full facilities-based competition has many advantages, it may not always be practical for a new entrant to construct an entire network. For example, it may be economically feasible to construct switching and long distance facilities but infeasible to construct local loops or last mile facilities that connect to customer locations. This might be due to economies of scale or the practical difficulties associated with acquiring needed rights-of-way. Thus, a second entry route is one in which the new entrant constructs portions of a network and purchases access to the relevant essential facilities of the incumbent providers network, such as the local loop. This method of entry is referred to as using unbundled network elements, and typically must be required by law or regulation. Entry through the use of unbundled network elements has a number of important advantages. First, it reduces entry barriers by allowing new entrants to begin offering service without having to construct an entire network. Second, on a longer term basis, it prevents the incumbent carrier from exploiting any residual monopoly power that may arise through remaining economies of scale or from the practical difficulties of obtaining needed rights-of-way, antenna sites for wireless systems, etc. Third, it allows new entrants additional avenues of innovation. For example, new entrants can purchase unbundled loops from the established carrier and use them with entirely different types of technologies (e. g. , packet switches based upon Internet Protocol (IP)) than those employed by the incumbent carrier. In this arrangement, consumers benefit from these new and better services and additional choices that competition provides. Regulatory intervention is necessary in order to require the incumbent carrier to unbundle its network and to price the resulting elements at economically efficient prices. More specifically, incumbents should be required to provide any requesting telecommunications carrier non-discriminatory access to elements of the incumbents network on an unbundled basis on rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory. Incumbents should be required to provide any reasonable method of interconnection, including physical collocation or virtual collocation, or interconnection at a point between the incumbents and new entrants network. In the United States, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 identified a minimum list of network elements that incumbent local exchange carriers must unbundle. These network elements include: local loops, network interface devices, local and tandem switching capabilities, interoffice transmission facilities, signaling and call-related databases, operations support systems, and operator services and directory assistance facilities. In addition, new entrants should have access to pole lines, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way owned or controlled by the incumbent. Resale In the telecommunications context, resale occurs when competitors obtain a service at a discounted or wholesale rate from the underlying, established carrier and then sell the service to their own customers. Resale can serve a multi-faceted role in promoting and sustaining competition in telecommunications services. Resale may be an effective entry vehicle for new entrants that may initially lack the necessary capital to build their own networks. Resale may also allow small competitors, which will not become facilities-based providers, to offer service. In addition, resellers may stimulate usage of the incumbents network, and thus may benefit the incumbent facilities-based provider and further growth of the entire sector. Moreover, this competition may help to keep prices lower for consumers, increase consumer choice, and ultimately stimulate economic growth. Experience in the U. S. long distance market suggests that resale can yield significant public benefits. Resale competition takes the form of arbitrage, where a reseller purchases a large number of minutes at a quantity discount and resells them to small customers at prices lower than the retail prices otherwise available to those customers. By providing affordable prices for the customer, resellers stimulate demand and thus compel facilities-based carriers to bring their prices closer to actual costs. At the same time, the increased competition from resellers expands the availability of innovative services, such as new billing terms and alternative rate structures. In particular, resellers can create consumer value by creating different billing plans or targeting their marketing to under-served groups within the community. Many countries have committed to a policy of resale as part of the WTO Basic Telecommunications Agreement to provide market access for basic telecommunications services. For smaller countries, resale provides some of the benefits of competition even if the total amount of telecommunications traffic generated is insufficient to attract multiple facilities-based carriers. Resellers may resell an entire service without modification, which is referred to as Total Service Resale. Resellers may also choose to obtain some services from the underlying carrier and combine them with services that they provide themselves. For example, a carrier may offer long distance services using its own switching facilities but lease long haul facilities from the incumbent provider. Resale also allows providers to offer bundles of different services without actually constructing the necessary facilities. By doing so, they can achieve certain economies in terms of marketing while providing a package of services for the convenience of their customers. For example, a local exchange carrier can offer long distance services without constructing long haul facilities. Similarly, a carrier offering both local and long- distance services could add mobile services to its package without constructing its own wireless network. In many industries resale occurs as a natural part of the development of markets. However, in telecommunications, a dominant carrier may be required by law or regulation to make its services available for resale. In particular, a regulatory requirement may be necessary to force the underlying carrier to offer services at a wholesale rate. In a competitive market, however, some providers may find a source of revenue in the provision of services on a wholesale basis. This often occurs when the facilities-based carrier has excess capacity on its network. In the U. S. long distance market, some carriers have constructed nationwide fiber-optic networks with the intent of offering transmission services on a wholesale basis to other carriers. Real market experience has shown that resale can spur competition. The growth of competition in the U. S. long distance market resulted from a combination of the facilities-based and resale competition models. From the early stages of long distance competition, facilities-based providers and resellers have actively competed against one another. This approach resulted in more affordable rates, new service offerings, and numerous new entrants. Despite the obvious benefits of resale, it has limitations. First of all, the reseller is limited to a greater or lesser extent by the technical features and functions of the underlying carriers network. This limits the ability of the reseller to innovate. Second, resale alone does not put competitive pressure on wholesale rates and services because the underlying carrier may not be subject to competitive pressures to innovate at the wholesale level. This means that the regulator must retain some degree of control over the pricing, terms and conditions of the wholesale offering. INTERCONNECTION, THE KEY TO COMPETITIVE SUCCESS The key to competition within telecommunications services is the ability of networks to interconnect. Interconnection allows communications to occur across networks, linking competitors so customers of different networks can communicate with one another. For competition to be successful at maximizing consumer benefits and innovation in the telecommunications market, carriers that compete for customers must also provide competitors with access to those customers. Shared access to customers occurs through interconnection, and access to all customers is necessary both for successful entry and for continued competition. If the incumbent, with the vast majority of customers, does not interconnect with new entrants, it is unlikely that the new entrants will remain economically viable. A regulatory framework is needed to aid in the transition from a monopoly environment to a competitive environment because a monopoly or dominant provider has a strategic interest to keep out or minimize competitors in its market. As a result, the monopoly or dominant provider has a strong incentive to limit interconnection. Therefore, a regulator that is independent of any operator and of inappropriate political influence should adopt rules that give new entrants bargaining strength equal to the incumbents. The price of interconnection (or transport and termination), for example, could serve as a significant barrier to entry for new networks. An incumbent monopolist has an incentive to demand a high price to terminate calls originating on a new entrants network and pay nothing for calls originating on its own network. In the United States, transport and termination charges are reciprocal and based on the long run incremental cost of providing the transport and termination on the incumbents network. Thus, the primary purpose of mandated interconnection is to foster a competitive environment that is fair to all competitors. Because the incumbent service provider has the vast majority of customers, a new entrant must be able to interconnect in order to provide full access to its customers. Without the ability to interconnect, new entrants would be severely restricted in their ability to compete with the incumbent. REGULATORY TOOLS FOR PROTECTING AGAINST THE EXERCISE OF MARKET POWER DURING THE TRANSITION TO COMPETITION Special problems may arise when a telecommunications carrier with monopoly power in the provision of a particular service or facility wants to offer a competitive service that is dependent upon the use of the monopoly service or facility. This may occur, for example, where competition has been introduced in the long distance and international markets but the local market remains a monopoly. The two problems are cost- shifting/cross-subsidization and discrimination. The first problem arises if the monopoly service is regulated on a rate-of-return (profit) basis. If so, there is an incentive for the carrier with monopoly power to shift costs from the competitive service to the monopoly service. Shifting costs in this manner artificially raises the price of the monopoly service and allows the carrier to charge below-cost rates for the competitive service. This results in the captive customers paying above- cost rates for the monopoly services and hampers the development of a viable market for the competitive services. An example of this situation could occur when a carrier with monopoly power in the provision of local facilities or services wants to enter the long distance market or information services market. The second problem occurs when control over an essential service or facility necessary for a competitive service enables the monopoly carrier to discriminate in favor of its own competitive offering. For example, a carrier with monopoly power in the provision of local facilities or services has the incentive to discriminate in favor of its own long distance or information service. This discrimination may manifest itself in the form of better quality interconnection or faster installation times for needed facilities or services. What follows is an overview of some of the tools that are available to policymakers and regulators to discourage or prevent cost-shifting/cross-subsidization and discrimination. These tools or techniques can be used alone or in combination. The more stringent techniques may be appropriate when and where the threat is greatest. Less stringent techniques may be appropriate as competition takes hold in the previously monopolized market. Outright Prohibition on Providing the Competitive Product or Service One technique for preventing a carrier with monopoly power from cross-subsidizing and discriminating in the provision of a competitive service is to prohibit the carrier from entering the competitive market. Outright prohibitions have been and are being used in the United States. For example, the original agreement (Consent Decree) that led to the divestiture of the Bell Operating Companies from ATT prohibited the former from certain activities, including the provision of certain long distance services and information services. Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the Bell Operating Companies are prohibited from offering long distance services and alarm services until certain conditions are met. While outright prohibition prevents cross-subsidization and discrimination, it may also deny the public the benefits of possible economies of scale or scope that may be derived if the carrier is allowed to provide the competitive service. Outright prohibition may also deny the public the benefits of innovation that might come from the participation of the monopoly carrier in the competitive market. Price Caps for Regulated Monopoly Services The incentive to shift costs from a competitive service to a monopoly service exists under profit regulation. Under price cap regulation, the prices of the monopoly services are capped (indexed to inflation and expected productivity increases). Price cap regulation has a number of advantages, including incentives for the carrier to be more efficient. It also discourages the monopoly provider from shifting costs from the competitive activity to the monopoly activity, because if the price of the monopoly service is capped, there is no incentive to shift costs from the competitive service to the monopoly service. Separate Subsidiary Requirement Under this requirement, the carrier with monopoly power is allowed to provide the competitive service, but only through a separate subsidiary or affiliate. The separate subsidiary requirement is combined with an obligation that the monopoly carrier treat the affiliated company no better than it treats unaffiliated providers of the competitive service. In other words, the monopoly carrier must deal with the affiliate on an arms- length basis. The regulator has the ability to control the degree of separateness. Examples of the requirements for separateness can include requirements that the monopoly provider and its affiliate: * Maintain separate books of account. * Utilize separate officers and personnel * Employ separate marketing activities * Not share common equipment or facilities * Adhere to certain restrictions on information flows that would unfairly benefit the competitive affiliate In addition, a typical requirement is that if the affiliate must obtain any transmission services from the monopoly provider, it must do so on a tariffed basis. Tariffing Requirements Tariffing is a fundamental technique traditionally used to protect users (both consumers and other carriers) against discrimination. Tariffing requires the regulated monopolist to file tariffs explaining its service rates, terms and conditions with the regulatory agency and to adhere to those rates, terms and conditions once the tariff is filed. Through the tariff and enforcement processes, which include opportunities for public comment, the regulator has some ability to prevent cross-subsidization and discrimination. Accounting Separation A requirement to maintain separate books of account can be adopted even without the imposition of a separate subsidiary requirement. Accounting separation typically requires the regulated monopoly provider to set up and maintain separate books of account for the competitive activity and to adhere to prescribed methods of separating costs. This provides a degree of protection against cross-subsidization. Imputation Requirements An imputation requirement obligates the regulated monopolist to charge the same amount for a service or facility provided to a competitive affiliate or operation that it charges to an unaffiliated provider, and to include that amount in the price it charges for the competitive service. Service Quality Reporting Requirements A service quality reporting requirement obligates the regulated monopolist to collect date and report on the quality of the services provided to both affiliated and unaffiliated competitors. This helps regulators detect and correct discrimination in the provision of essential services or facilities to competitors. Resale Requirements As discussed earlier, a resale requirement has a number of advantages in promoting competition. Resale can also help prevent cross-subsidization. For example, where a carrier has market power in the provision of switched services but there is competition in the provision of private lines, the carrier may try to increase the price of the switched service in order to cross-subsidize and thus under-price its private line offering. If the carrier is required to allow the resale of the private line offerings, however, entrepreneurs could combine the private lines with their own switching, and undercut the prices of the monopolists switched service offering. This has the effect of discouraging the carrier with market power from engaging in cross-subsidization. Unbundling Requirements An unbundling requirement forces the regulated monopolist to make network elements available to competitors on an unbundled basis under rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory.

Psycho, The Movie Essay -- essays research papers

Psycho (1960) Perhaps no other film changed so drastically Hollywood's perception of the horror film as did PSYCHO. More surprising is the fact that this still unnerving horror classic was directed by Alfred Hitchcock, a filmmaker who never relied upon shock values until this film. Here Hitchcock indulged in nudity, bloodbaths, necrophilia, transvestism, schizophrenia, and a host of other taboos and got away with it, simply because he was Hitchcock. The great director clouded his intent and motives by reportedly stating that the entire film was nothing more than one huge joke. No one laughed. Instead they cringed in their seats, waiting for the next assault on their senses. The violence and bloodletting of PSYCHO may look tame to those who have grown up on Jason and Freddy Krueger, but no one had ever seen anything like it in 1960. Inspired by the life of the demented, cannibalistic Wisconsin killer Ed Gein (whose heinous acts would also inspire THE TEXAS CHAINSAW MASSACRE, 1974 and DERANGED, 1974), PSYCHO is probably Hitchcock's most gruesome and dark film. Its importance to its genre cannot be overestimated. PSYCHO's enduring influence comes not only from the Norman Bates character (who has since been reincarnated in a staggering variety of forms), but also from the psychological themes Hitchcock develops. Enhancing the sustained fright of this film are an excellent cast, from which the director coaxes extraordinary performances, and Bernard Herrmann's chilling score. Especially effective is the composer's so-called "murder music," high-pitched screeching sounds that flash across the viewer's consciousness as quickly as the killer's deadly knife. Bernard Herrmann achieved this effect by having a group of violinists frantically saw the same notes over and over again. Hitchcock really shocked Paramount when he demanded that he be allowed to film the sleazy, sensational novel that Robert Bloch based on the Gein killings. Bloch's subject matter and characters were a great departure from the sophisticated homicide and refined characters usually found in Hitchcock's films, but the filmmaker kept after the studio's front office until the executives relented. He was told, however, that he would have to shoot the film on an extremely limited budget—no more than $800,000. Surprisingly, Hitchcock accepted the budget restrictions and went a... ...ces, nor was it a great performance or their enjoyment of the novel. They were aroused by pure film. That's why I take pride in the fact that PSYCHO, more than any of my other pictures, is a film that belongs to filmmakers." This was no news to Hitchcock's fans. In a 1947 press conference the great director laid out his philosophy of the mystery-horror genre: "I am to provide the public with beneficial shocks. Civilization has become so protective that we're no longer able to get our goose bumps instinctively. The only way to remove the numbness and revive our moral equilibrium is to use artificial means to bring about the shock. The best way to achieve that, it seems to me, is through a movie." PSYCHO provided shocks heard around the world and became an instant smash, breaking all box-office records in its initial release. Hitchcock had a horselaugh on the Paramount executives who wanted no part of PSYCHO from the beginning. The film became one of Paramount's largest grossing pictures and it made Hitchcock not only a master of the modern horror film but also fabulously wealthy. He had outwitted everyone—the industry, the audience, and the critics.

Learning and Determination Essay

What keeps you motivated to go the extra mile even when you want to give up? What helps you get through hard times and accomplish everything you want? Determination is why we get up in the morning. It is what drives us to do what we want to do. Everyone is driven by his or her own determination to be successful in life. The people that are determined to achieve various goals in life are known to succeed in all areas of their life. Determination isn’t a word that you can define with a sentence, it is a word that has plenty different meanings. People will always tell you that you can’t make it, and that you aren’t good enough. They will try to bring you down, so you won’t reach your highest potential. When I was in middle school, one of my teachers told me that I wouldn’t pass eighth grade and that I didn’t have it in me to make it to college. I believed her at the time. Throughout middle school, I was in a program where they helped students with learning disabilities. I was in this program, called Discovery. I always thought that I was unintelligent and couldn’t do anything on my own. Hence, I believed my teacher and had that mindset throughout middle school. As I got older, I learned that people learned differently from other people. It might have taken me longer to learn the subject, but I eventually learned it. Since then, I have been determined to prove that teacher wrong and to prove to myself that I can make it as I long as I put the work in. Determination means to have a strong intention to achieve a certain purpose; to have a strong will power to finish anything you put your mind. Determination is putting everything you have to make yourself better. Determination is putting the extra work in to further yourself. In my family, every person is musically gifted. My parents believe that each kid should know how to play one instrument, if not more. Therefore, when I was in fifth grade, I was obligated to start playing an instrument. I chose to play the clarinet. Learning to play the clarinet was very hard. I was the worst player out of the clarinet section; I sucked. The other students in the band were learning their instrument pretty fast. I started to feel left out because I couldn’t keep up with them. At times I wanted to quit, but I didn’t. I stuck with it. I started to practice every single day. I asked my mother if she could arrange for me to have private lessons. I was determined to get better, so I did everything a fifth grader could. All the extra time I put in, started to pay off. I was working my way to being the first chair in the clarinet section and just becoming a great musician. Determination is one of the greatest assets we can possess. It can bring the best out in us. Determination is the tool we use to defeat discouragement. My teacher told me that I would never be anything. So, I am determined to put everything I have into school and every aspect of my life. Determination is the instrument we use to overcome brief failures to prevent failures from becoming permanent. Determination is what we have to set goals and achieve them. I wanted to be a great clarinet player, so I put the work in and reached my goal. I was determined to be the best, and that’s what I achieved. Determination is the key to be successful. It drives us to be the best person we can possibly be.

The Strengths Of The Bill Of Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 700 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Bill Of Right Essay Did you like this example? The Bill of Rights put a lot of limitation to the government, making us the people have fair rights. In every colony in the United States had its own Bill of Rights. As a country, it was time for the United States to come up with their own Bill of Rights. In December 15, 1791 the Bill of Rights was ratified by the congress and added to our Constitution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Strengths Of The Bill Of Rights" essay for you Create order The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to our Constitution. The Bill of Rights also forms out the rights in detail to our government and it also assures that our civil rights and liberties to us as a citizen. The first amendment will include the freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition. It also included the Rights to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination and double jeopardy which is our fifth amendment. Going on to our second amendment which is the right to keep and bear arms, the third amendment is that soldier cant be staying in your home without consent. The fourth amendment is having freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. So you cant be searched without a warrant anymore. Our sixth amendment is that we as people have the right to a speedy and public trial. The seventh amendment is the trial by jury on certain cases but it they to be non-criminal cases. The eighth amendments include the prohibits on excessive fines. Also according to the lecture the Ninth amendment was just added to be there. Our last amendment includes that any power that constitution doesnt give to government it belongs to the states and the people. (Bill of Rights of the United States of America (1791) The author of the Bill of Rights was James Madison. The audience that Madison was trying to target for the Bill of Rights was the people of the United States. The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to protect the people from excess government power and it was trying to protect the rights of a united states citizen. James Madison had showed 12 amendments to congress and proposed the Bill of Rights to the constitution. In September 25, 1789 the 12 amendments were sent to congress to get passed and then they were sent to the state. The Bill of Rights was written most importantly because of one person named George Mason, George Mason was one the major figures that lead this the Bill of Rights to happen. Mason was in the Constitutional Convention when he ended up leaving upset because the Constitution didnt include any declaration about the basic human rights. After marching out of the convention Mason ended up working with James Madison who also agreed with him. They ended up working together so they could protect the citizens from the government. With James Madison writing and coming up everything, he ended up creating the first 12 amendments.   The Bill of Rights did end up achieving its purpose. They wanted to secure human rights in the constitution and put limitation to the government and they ended up doing that. They achieved their purpose by successfully passing amendments 3 through 12. With successfully passing these amendments, this ended up becoming what we call to this day our Bill of Rights. The history significance that the Bill of Rights has is that it includes one of the most important amendments which is the First Amendment. The first amendment protects our basic liberties which is freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and the freedom to petition the government rights wrong. The Bill of Rights is also significant because it includes the most important rights that were missed in the original constitution. Having the rights that were missed helps us as a country become better and head to a better future. In conclusion the strengths in the Bill of Rights were that it gave us our liberty and rights also it guaranteed protection from the government. But some of the weaknesses that the Bill of Right had was that it only focused on men. You would think that Slaves, women, and Native Americans would also be counted as people. But apparently in the Bill of Rights, the liberties and rights were only for men.